Theme: Contents and forms of International Economic Relations Xodjamqulov Shahboz. Mm-54i Questions: Introduction

Exchange in science and technique

The International Technological exchange (technology transfer) is understood to be the complex of the economic relations of different countries concerning the transfer of scientific and technological achievements.
The scientific and technical knowledge being bought and sold in the world market, which is the result of scientific research, engineering and experience of their commercial exploitation, as well as engineering services for the use of scientific, technical, technological and managerial developments. They are the objects of intellectual property, possessing both scientific and commercial values.
Products of intellectual work belong to so-called nonmaterial forms of technology, and trade operations in international practice are commonly referred to as International Technological Exchange. International Technological Exchange is understood to be the complex of economic relations between contractors of different countries for the transfer of scientific and technological achievements(nonmaterial types of technology) with scientific and practical values, on the commercial basis.
International Technological Exchange has four features:

1. 
   The development of market of high technologies. The generally accepted classification of high technologies for exports and imports of products, containing new and leading technology, is the classification developed in the USA, which is used by international organizations for statistical comparisons of different countries. The classification system allows to explore the trade in products of high technology in 10 main technological sectors: biotechnology; human life; science technology; optoelectronics; computers and etc.
   
2. 
   The monopoly of large firms in technology markets. Research and development are concentrated in the largest firms of the industrialized countries, since only they have sufficient financial means for expensive research.
   
3.