générate, give no syntactic clue as to whether this is a theme to which a rheme will
be appended or just a topic announced as a rubric without comment. In other
words, the interpreter may expect either:
(a) Premièrement, la vision générale de l’
o
rganisation de la grande Europe.
Deuxièmement,…
or:
(b) Premièrement, la vision générale de l’organisation de la grande Europe
reste à définir…(or some such rheme)
The interpreter’s only clue as to the syntactic format to be followed is to be
found in another textural device,
5
namely the pattern of intonation of the source
text producer (rising on Europe if a rheme is to follow) which may be more or
less distinct in practice. The first question to be asked of our data is then: what
strategy do the interpreters adopt in processing the segment immediately
following Premièrement? EVS has a role to play in this choice of strategy; if the
span is a long one (different interpreters have different styles in this respect) then
the interpreter may hope to delay committing him/herself until the source text
syntactic format becomes clear; if the span is short, then an immediate output-
processing decision must be made: either to opt for a NP rubric or for a theme-
rheme utterance.
In practice, 24 out of the test group of 32 opted for the ‘rubric’ NP. Of these,
11 signalled by intonation an end-pattern after their translation of the items la
grande Europe. In this way they clearly signalled that the first problem on the
list had now been stated and that what immediately followed was comment on
TEXTURE IN SIMULTANEOUS INTERPRETING 55
this. For this sub-group, the expectation which may be inferred is that the whole
list of ‘problems’ is to follow an NP-rubric-plus-comment format. Another sub-
group (13), however, opted for the NP-rubric but maintained level intonation,
indicating that the rubric did not finish at la grande Europe but was to continue.
This is entirely consistent with the source text, which continues with la finalité
étant d’étendre …(‘the aim being to extend…’). But in most such cases the
syntactic link of étant was missing from the target language output, thus
affecting the coherence of the whole sequence. The longer the sequence proceeds
without falling intonation, the greater is the receiver’s expectation of a finite
verbal clause rather than a rubric, as may be appreciated from the following
output sample:
Firstly the general vision for Europe~ and European integration~ the aims
of this~…and ensuring that all the countries of the continent have freedom,
peace and recognition~ which is vital for European integration# [Key:
6
~=level or rising intonation; #=sentence-end pattern of intonation;…
=pause or hesitation]
Another strategy, well attested in observation of interpreters’ performance, is to
supply a verb in order to turn the rubric NP into a statement. Thus:
Firstly there is the overall vision of an enlarged Europe#
Eight of the group opted for this solution, although not always appropriately:
First of all the general vision of Europe as a whole#…is important~
And the vision for a great Europe is becoming a reality#
What may be observed at this point is that most of the group reproduced the NP-
rubric syntactic pattern but a significant number avoided committing themselves
to it, either by avoiding the sentence-end intonation pattern or by supplying a
verb. In this way, the interpreters keep their options open for whatever is to
follow. Let us now return to the source text, to see how it evolves beyond this
point and what are the textural signals to which the interpreter has to respond.
The signal Premièrement commits the source text producer, as we have seen,
to produce another signal to be realized as Deuxièmement or Ensuite or some
such. In fact, the signal duly appears after another 38 seconds of input text.
Given the intertextual expectation of parallelism, interpreter expectations—
assuming that textural information remains in active or semi-active storage for that
long—will now be that a NP rubric, however long or structurally complex, is to
follow rather than a theme-rheme utterance of the syntactic format of (b) above.
These expectations are however not borne out and what the interpreter has to deal
with is not just a finite-clause utterance but an entirely unexpected complex
interrogative as well. To appreciate what is involved here, one must imagine the
56 THE TRANSLATOR AS COMMUNICATOR
interpreter processing the input Deuxièmement, la vision et l’héritage des pères
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