operational by the ‘smaller’ signs included within it. Like all semiotic constructs,
emphatic tagging in Eliza’s performance comes into being at an early stage in the
play, acts on and interacts with the textual and extra-textual environment,
changes and then dies away. Using a set of sign relationships (of the nature of
(a)–(e) in
Sample 6.1
), Shaw intends idiolectal tagging to relay feelings of
stigma. But this gradually gives way to a more defiant Eliza. When it fully
comes to fruition, defiance no longer attracts the usual tag signs which were once
the mode of expressing injured feelings, but becomes more forceful through the
use of ‘proper’ tags and indeed tag-free English.
In conclusion, neither the Arabic version of
Pygmalion, nor the other versions
consulted, have fully upheld this dynamic fluctuation which builds on intended
meanings and intertextual potential. Yet if communication in translation is to
succeed, due heed must be paid to relaying intentional and intertextual diversity
of the kind discussed here.
92 THE
TRANSLATOR AS COMMUNICATOR
Chapter 7
Form and function
in the translation of the
sacred
and sensitive text
We have so far discussed different kinds of demands made on the translator in a
variety of professional settings. The nature of these demands has been shown to
be essentially communicative. In their role as mediators, translators deal with
elements of meaning that can and often will lie above the level of propositional
content and beyond the level of the sentence. As we have seen, meanings of this
kind emanate from a variety of sources including the register membership of the
text, intentionality and intertextuality. Domains of contextual activity such as
these have been shown to relate, in subtle and intricate ways, to aspects of text
structure and texture.
In broaching the issue of how the various aspects of text-in-context relate to
one another, we have pointed to the need to adopt a unified translation strategy
which transcends professional or institutional barriers that have been artificially
imposed. The ultimate goal of such an orientation is to promote an understanding
of textuality that is, on the one hand, both rigorous and comprehensive, and on
the other, not tied to specific tasks or situational requirements.
In this respect, we have also alluded to the fact that, with the communication
explosion which the world is experiencing, the translator or interpreter is being
called upon, more often than ever before, to work with texts which are
remarkably creative and which display marked degrees of dynamism (i.e.
interestingness). We have defined dynamism as the motivated removal of
communicative stability. This element of manipulativeness often manifests itself
in the way context, structure or texture defies our expectations and relays new
meanings. These departures from established norms, we recall, are all part of
‘informativity’, a standard of textuality which relates to the unexpected and the
new, in terms of the extra effects which they create. Informativity can permeate
all aspects of text
constitution, relaying in the process a variety of rhetorical
effects which, as we shall see in the following discussion, make stringent
demands on the translator as communicator.