THE STATE OF WORLD FISHERIES AND AQUACULTURE
2020
achieved through the preparation and publication
of the report. It will also act as a catalyst for
countries to develop national and regional
strategies for effective management of their
AqGR. FAO’s role will be to develop and promote
globally applicable resources to support the
development of such strategies.
Given the distinctive
characteristics of AqGR
relative to terrestrial genetic resources, the GPA
will differ somewhat in emphasis from existing
GPAs for plant, animal and forest genetic
resources, particularly with the inclusion of a high
level priority area focused on accelerating the
development of AqGR for aquaculture. The four
strategic priority areas for the proposed GPA are:
national regional and global characterization,
monitoring and information systems for AqGR;
appropriate development of AqGR
for aquaculture;
sustainable use and conservation of AqGR;
policies, institutions and capacity building for
AqGR management.
The GPA is being
developed over a two-year
period in consultation with COFI and its
subsidiary bodies for negotiation by the
Intergovernmental Technical Working Group on
AqGR in September 2020, prior to presentation to
the Commission in early 2021.
An information system at the core
of a global plan of action
The lack of reliable and accessible information
on AqGR below the species level constrains
effective decision-making on their management.
While a few countries have national-level
information systems, there is no standardized
resource to record information on stocks, strains,
varieties, hybrids or other farmed types of AqGR.
Development of
such a resource will enable
producers, resource managers, conservationists,
policymakers and researchers to make informed
decisions on the effective management,
sustainable utilization and appropriate exchange
of these resources.
The Government of Germany is supporting
FAO to develop a prototype registry of AqGR,
which will provide an inventory of farmed
types of cultured species available in FAO
Member countries. The registry will be the core
component of a broader information system
on AqGR (with the working title AquaGRIS
[
Figure 44
]). This will incorporate indicators to
monitor: progress on the conservation status of
farmed
types and wild relative stocks; progress
against a future GPA; and, potentially, progress
against SDG Target 2.5, which currently only
applies to terrestrial genetic resources.
Effective management of AqGR is fundamental
to the future sustainable growth of aquaculture.
However, it is not feasible in the absence of
adequate information on the status of genetic
resources, especially below the species level.
The State of the World’s Aquatic Genetic Resources
for Food and Agriculture
captures the current
status of AqGR used
in aquaculture and should
act as a catalyst for follow-up action. Through the
development of a GPA with a global information
system as a source of new knowledge, FAO is
playing a leading role in transforming the future
management of these vital resources.
n
SECURING FISHERIES
AND AQUACULTURE
SUSTAINABILITY
Combating illegal, unreported and
unregulated fishing: global developments
The year 2020 is an important milestone to
review worldwide advances in combating IUU
fishing. Indeed,
for the last five years, SDG
Targets 14.4 and 14.6 – which aim to end IUU
fishing and eliminate subsidies that contribute
to IUU fishing by 2020, respectively – have been
the drivers for action against IUU fishing by
governments, RFMOs, intergovernmental and
non-governmental organizations worldwide.
This section reviews major advances in the
uptake and implementation of international
instruments, tools and initiatives that
encourage and facilitate the combating of this
destructive activity.
Implementation of FAO’s 2009 Agreement
on Port State Measures
In 2009, the FAO Conference approved the
Agreement on
Port State Measures to Prevent,
| 109 |
PART 2
SUSTAINABILITY IN ACTION
Deter and Eliminate Illegal, Unreported and
Unregulated Fishing (PSMA). The PSMA aims
to prevent fish caught through IUU fishing from
entering national and international markets
by prohibiting the entry into and use of ports
by foreign vessels engaged, or suspected to be
engaged, in IUU fishing.
The PSMA entered into force in June 2016
with 30 Parties, including the European Union
as one Party representing its member States.
The momentum has continued to build since
then. As at February 2020, there were 66 Parties
to the PSMA.
The first meeting of the Parties to the PSMA
was held in May 2017 in Oslo, Norway, and the
second meeting in June 2019
in Santiago, Chile.
The meetings aimed to advance implementation
of the PSMA, and have resulted in the following
progress thus far.
Global information exchange system
One of the cornerstones of the PSMA is the
swift and efficient exchange of information
among Parties on foreign vessels seeking
entry into, and using, their designated ports.
Information such as whether vessels have ever
been denied entry into, or the use of, other
ports, their
track record of compliance, and
outcomes of any inspections conducted, should
be shared almost in real time to allow swift
detection of IUU fishing activities.
Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: 
