Autism Spectrum Disorders:
A Special Case of Regression
Regression can also be triggered by neurological causes. This may be
the case for some young children who go on to be diagnosed with
autism and autism spectrum disorders.
5
Chapter 6
The Child’s Defense Mechanisms
103
The developmental course of the child who is later diagnosed with
autism or an autism spectrum disorder may be quite unique. Although
this child’s early cognitive, linguistic, social and emotional development
may be indistinguishable from those of his healthy peers, sometime
between 15 and 30 months of age development goes awry (Bernabei,
Cerquiglini, Cortesi, & D’Ardia, 2007; Stefanatos, 2008). Spontaneous
regression occurs as a loss of social interest and socioemotional capacit-
ies (Luyster et al., 2005), of mature behaviors (Young, Brewer, & Patti-
son, 2003), and of language abilities (Loucas et al., 2008; Williams,
Botting, & Boucher, 2008). Although promising and impressive psy-
chosocial, sensory, and academic interventions are newly becoming
available (e.g., Hollander & Anagnostou, 2007; Matson & Minshawi,
2006), many autistic children never fully resume their climb up the
typical staircase of development. Thus, the developmentally informed
family law professional must be particularly astute, relying on expert
medical opinion, to differentiate an otherwise healthy toddler’s regres-
sion in the face of family stresses from the unique and tragic case of
the autistic child’s regresssion.
SUMMARY
A useful understanding of child development must include consider-
ation of the ways in which we protect ourselves from stress. In particular,
our efforts to craft developmentally sensitive parenting plans must
account for the likelihood that regression in response to family conflict,
transition, loss, and even litigation itself can mask a child’s genuine
developmental capacities. Armed with this understanding, we must take
every opportunity to look beyond the child’s immediate presentation.
This includes shaping the interview process to each child’s needs in
the interest of building rapport and thereby minimizing defensiveness
and incorporating collateral resources into the final formulation of the
child’s best interests.
NOTES
1.
See Yanez and Fremouw (2004) for a discussion of parenting capacity
instruments under
Daubert
.
2. Among the first items in my standard guardian ad litem (GAL) contract
is the following: “Because the GAL will need to observe and/or meet with
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