THE PROCESS OF PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT
Valid uses of psychological testing share the essential quality of seeking
to answer a question about an individual’s functioning in a specific
domain. The domain hardly matters, so long as psychologists have
collected the requisite normative sample data against which the test-
taker’s responses can be compared. This is a relatively straightforward
(although arduous) process if the question to be answered concerns,
for example, rehabilitation and preparedness for the workforce (e.g.,
Kirsh & Cockburn, 2009), self-efficacy as it relates to (as examples)
career choices (e.g., Rottinghaus, 2009), progress in correctional chemi-
cal dependency treatment (e.g., Sacks, McKendrick, Kressel, 2007), the
quality and nature of depressive and anxiety symptoms (e.g., Watson
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