153
154
Part III
Topics in Separation, Visitation, and Reunification
Infants can and should or cannot and must not do overnights with
their fathers (Biringen et al., 2002; Ram, Pinzi, & Cohen, 2002; Pruett,
Ebling, & Insabella, 2004; Solomon, 2005; Warshak, 2002).
The gender specificity of this statement applies with little exception.
The arguments for and against infant overnights routinely occur with
regard to a child 2 years of age or younger who resides largely or
exclusively with Mom while Dad argues more or less vehemently, more
or less cogently, for at least day contacts with his new child in the
interest of building a secure attachment (usually voiced before the court
as “bonding”), and more usually for overnight care at least once each
week. Mom counters that the baby won’t sleep well while away, that
his routine will be upset, that she’s nursing, and/or that Dad has no
experience with infants.
Throw into this mix the intense emotions stirred in part by the
hormones associated with birth for both parents (see, e.g., Cox, 2005),
strong opinions about nursing versus expressing breast milk versus
formula, the powerful emotions harbored by parties whose relationship
failed to survive pregnancy, and the well-intended but seldom construc-
tive partisan support of friends and families. The result is a helpless
newborn left sitting atop a powder keg.
The tragic irony is that the legal processes intended to remedy this
conflict can last far longer than the developmental period in question.
Thus, by the time the court rules on Dad’s motion for overnights with
his new son, the child has become a toddler, the parties are far more
acrimonious, the extended families are far more polarized, everyone is
deeply in debt, and the quality of the child’s experience in
both
homes
has been compromised by the process.
Like the disputing parties, both sides of the associated empirical/
philosophical debate can be heard loud and clear. On one side of the
coin are those researchers who promote overnights in the interest of
building infant–father attachments (e.g., Kelly & Lamb, 2000; Kelly &
Lamb, 2001). Others go to the opposite extreme (e.g., Awad & Parry,
1980).
3
Perhaps representative of the latter is the recommendation that
overnights should not begin until 2 to 3 years of age (e.g., Garrity &
Baris, 1994; Hodges, 1991; Skafte, 1985).
Most reasonable are those moderating voices that recognize that
there cannot be a single, universal answer to this question; that, instead,
we must learn to recognize the conditions which are either conducive
or contrary to infant overnights. For example,
Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: |