The sobering fact of family law is that to be in the business of orchestrating



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Comprehension Versus Expression
Any discussion of language development necessarily distinguishes be-
tween verbal comprehension or understanding, on one hand, and verbal
expression or production, on the other. Although one might expect
that the two develop synchronously, in fact comprehension generally
precedes production, sometimes by a tremendous amount (Smolensky,
1996). Case in point: it’s more than likely that the breadth and depth


Chapter 4
Language Development
57
Table 4.1
MILESTONES IN THE TYPICAL DEVELOPMENT OF RECEPTIVE AND
EXPRESSIVE LANGUAGE
APPROXIMATE
RECEPTIVE LANGUAGE
EXPRESSIVE LANGUAGE
AGE RANGE
MILESTONES
MILESTONES
3
At birth
Newborns respond to sound
Newborns have a repertoire
in their environment, notably
of expressive sounds that
by being startled by sudden,
generally correspond to
loud noises. Newborns can
pleasure or pain.
distinguish their own
mother’s voice from other
female voices and their own
mother’s native language
from other languages.
Through 3 months
Child begins to orient his/her
Child begins to smile in
face toward speaker; may
recognition of familiar face;
quiet down as if to attend to
coos and babbles.
an unfamiliar voice.
4 through 6
Child begins to understand
Babbling begins to sound
months
simple, common words,
speech-like in intonation
such as “no.”
and prosody; child’s speech
sounds and gestures can
communicate basic wishes.
7 through 12
Child orients to his/her
Word-initial consonant
months
name, turns to look toward
sounds occur (e.g., /b/ as in
speaker; enjoys “patty-
“bed” or /d/ as in “dog”);
cake”-type games and
utterance of first real word
demonstrates recognition of
(e.g., “Mama” or “Dada”).
common labels (e.g., “dog,”
“juice,” “bed”).
12 through 24
Child will look toward or
First two-word utterances
months
point to named objects and
(e.g., “Me go.” or “Where
can follow simple
car?”) occur.
commands, such as “Touch
your nose.”
2 through 3 years
Child understands and
Child uses many more labels
complies with complex
for immediate and familiar
commands, such as “Put
objects and events; three-
the bus on the shelf”;
word utterances begin to use
begins to contrast opposites
adjectives and adverbs (e.g.,
(e.g., big/little, hot/cold).
“Bus go fast!”).
(continued)


58

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