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Acknowledgments
I learned from my former graduate student Sara Algoe that we don’t
express gratitude in order to repay debts or balance ledgers but
rather to strengthen relationships. Furthermore, feelings of gratitude
make us want to praise the other person publicly, to bring him or
her honor. There are so many relationships I want to strengthen, so
many people I want to honor for their help in creating this book.
First, I thank the ve advisors who taught me how to think about
morality. John Martin Fischer and Jonathan Baron drew me into the
eld with their enthusiasm and support. Paul Rozin led me to study
disgust, food, and the psychology of purity, and he showed me how
much fun it is to be a general psychologist. Alan Fiske taught me to
look at culture, cognition, and evolution simultaneously, and
showed me how to think like a social scientist. Richard Shweder
taught me to see that every culture has expertise in some aspects of
human potential and not in others; he pried my mind open and
made me a pluralist but not a relativist. Moral Foundations Theory
draws heavily on his “three ethics,” as well as on Fiske’s Relational
Models Theory.
Next, I thank my gang, the team at
YourMorals.org
: Pete Ditto,
Jesse Graham, Ravi Iyer, Sena Koleva, Matt Motyl, and Sean Wojcik.
Together we’ve become 90 percent bee, 10 percent chimp. It has
been a joyous collaboration that has taken us far beyond our initial
hopes. I also thank the extended YourMorals family: Craig Joseph,
who developed Moral Foundations Theory with me; Brian Nosek,
who got our research going, gave us statistical rigor, and shares
ideas and expertise with us at every turn; and Gary Sherman, the
“data whisperer,” who can nd the most astonishing relationships in
our data set, which is now so large that it has nearly attained
consciousness.
I am fortunate to have found a home at University of Virginia in
one of the most collegial psychology departments in America. I have
an extraordinary network of collaborators, including Jerry Clore,
Jim Coan, Ben Converse, Judy DeLoache, Jamie Morris, Brian
Nosek, Shige Oishi, Bobbie Spellman, Sophie Trawalter, and Tim
Wilson. I have also been fortunate to work with many excellent
graduate students who helped me develop these ideas and who
discussed and debated every chapter with me: Sara Algoe, Becca
Frazier, Jesse Graham, Carlee Hawkins, Selin Kesebir, Jesse Kluver,
Calvin Lai, Nicole Lindner, Matt Motyl, Patrick Seder, Gary
Sherman, and Thomas Talhelm. I thank undergraduates Scott
Murphy, Chris Oveis, and Jen Silvers for their contributions to my
thinking.
I thank my colleagues at New York University’s Stern School of
Business—Dean Peter Henry, Ingo Walter, and Bruce Buchanan—for
welcoming me in July 2011 as a visiting professor. Stern gave me
time to nish the book and has surrounded me with great
colleagues, from whom I’m now learning about business ethics
(which is where I hope to apply moral psychology next).
Many friends and colleagues gave me detailed comments on the
whole manuscript. In addition to the YourMorals team, I thank Paul
Bloom, Ted Cadsby, Michael Dowd, Wayne Eastman, Everett Frank,
Christian Galgano, Frieda Haidt, Sterling Haidt, James Hutchinson,
Craig Joseph, Suzanne King, Sarah Carlson Menon, Jayne Riew,
Arthur Schwartz, Barry Schwartz, Eric Schwitzgebel, Mark Shulman,
Walter Sinnott-Armstrong, Ed Sketch, Bobbie Spellman, and Andy
Thomson. Stephen Clarke organized a reading group of philosophers
at Oxford that o ered constructive critiques of every chapter; it
included Katrien Devolder, Tom Douglas, Michelle Hutchinson, Guy
Kahane, Neil Levy, Francesca Minerva, Trung Nguyen, Pedro Perez,
Russell Powell, Julian Savulescu, Paul Troop, Michael Webb, and
Graham Wood. I want particularly to recognize three conservative
readers who each wrote to me years ago with mixed reviews of my
work: Bo Ledbetter, Stephen Messenger, and William Modahl. We
have since developed email friendships that testify to the value of
sustained civil interaction across moral divides. I bene ted
immensely from their generosity with advice, criticism, and
suggested readings on conservatism.
Many friends and colleagues gave me advice on one or several
chapters. I thank them all: Gerard Alexander, Scott Atran, Simon
Baron-Cohen, Paul Bloom eld, Chris Boehm, Rob Boyd, Arthur
Brooks, Teddy Downey, Dan Fessler, Mike Gazzaniga, Sarah Estes
Graham, Josh Greene, Rebecca Haidt, Henry Haslam, Robert Hogan,
Tony Hsieh, Darrell Icenogle, Brad Jones, Rob Kaiser, Doug Kenrick,
Judd King, Rob Kurzban, Brian Lowe, Jonathan Moreno, Lesley
Newson, Richard Nisbett, Ara Norenzayan, Steve Pinker, David
Pizarro, Robert Posacki, N. Sriram, Don Reed, Pete Richerson,
Robert Sapolsky, Azim Shari , Mark Shepp, Richard Shweder,
Richard Sosis, Phil Tetlock, Richard Thaler, Mike Tomasello, Steve
Vaisey, Nicholas Wade, Will Wilkinson, David Sloan Wilson, Dave
Winsborough, Keith Winsten, and Paul Zak.
Many others contributed in a variety of ways: Rolf Degen found
me dozens of relevant readings; Bo Ledbetter did background
research for me on public policy issues; Thomas Talhelm improved
my writing in the early chapters; Surojit Sen and his father, the late
Sukumar Sen of Orissa, India, were my generous hosts and teachers
in Bhubaneswar.
I am particularly grateful to the team of professionals who turned
my original idea into the book you are now holding. My agent, John
Brockman, has done so much to create an audience for science trade
books, and he opened up so many opportunities for me. My editor at
Pantheon, Dan Frank, applied his great wisdom and light touch to
make this book better focused and much shorter. Jill Verrillo at
Pantheon made the last hectic months of manuscript preparation so
much easier. Stefan Sagmeister designed the jacket, which serves so
e ectively as an opening statement for the book. Don’t we all want
to x the rip?
Finally, I have been blessed and supported by my family. My wife,
Jayne Riew, nurtured our growing family while I worked long hours
over the last three years. She also edits and improves everything I
write. My parents, Harold and Elaine Haidt, inducted me and my
sisters, Rebecca and Samantha, into the Jewish American moral
matrix of hard work, love of learning, and pleasure in debate. My
father passed away in March 2010, at the age of eighty-three,
having done all he could to help his children succeed.
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