107 |
(CdE:19-F, Cocodrilos)
(153) … doña Bárbara sin muchos aspavientos
ECHÓ
a la calle
a Cándida…
‘Mrs. Barbara without much ado
KICKED
Cándida
out (into the street)
.‘
In
each case, there is a fixed
DIRECTIONAL
that produces a highly specific meaning.
The resulting meaning is figurative, but it is grounded in the literal meaning of the parts. The
phrases are conventionalized, such that the combination of a specific verb (
echar
in this case)
and a specific prepositional phrase produces a figurative meaning. In the first three examples,
removing the
DIRECTIONAL
would change the meaning of the sentence completely. The
meaning can be maintained in (153) since there is a
BANISHMENT
schema
that lacks a
DIRECTIONAL
which is functionally synonymous.
Overall, the data seems to indicate that
arrojar, lanzar
and
tirar
have a mix of phrases
that do not have
DIRECTIONALS
, a larger variety of phrases with optional
DIRECTIONALS
, and
fewer cases of phrases requiring
DIRECTIONALS
.
Echar
contrasts with these verbs in the types
of phrases it has. It has a larger variety of phrases requiring this argument. The high number
of sentences in the corpus with a
DIRECTIONAL
for the verb
echar
can be seen as a result of
these phrases requiring or preferring a
DIRECTIONAL
.
In this section, I have treated the
THROWING
schema as a single unit, assuming that the
schema is the same for all
throw
-verbs. I argue, though, in §4.2.2 that there may be some
semantic
differences between
echar
and all the other verbs when it comes to this central
schema. This leaves open the possibility that
echar
could be different from the other verbs in
the central
THROWING
schema. In other words, it might be the case that the verbs differ as to
the level of optionality in the central
THROWING
schema.
Evidence in that direction comes from the first definitions that the DELE provides for
each
throw-
verb.
(154) arrojar To propel something with violence, so that it travels a certain distance
echar
To make something end up somewhere, giving it a “boost”
lanzar
Arrojar
tirar
To let something fall intentionally
It is interesting to note that the focus of
echar
seems to be on the finality of motion.
For
arrojar, lanzar
and
tirar
, though there is a mention of moving
a certain distance or
moving down (“fall”), the most salient aspect is the motion itself (“propel” and “fall”). With
echar¸
in contrast, the focus is on the trajectory of motion (“make end up somewhere”). The
definitions that this dictionary posits potentially signal a semantic difference in the central
108 |
THROWING
schema for each verb. This possibility is explored
in the questionnaire and is
discussed further in §4.3.4.
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