The Interplay of Synonymy and Polysemy


participants in not always requiring syntactic specification



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thesis


participants in not always requiring syntactic specification.
The verbs 
arrojar, echar 
and 
tirar
can express the notion of banishing or removing 
from a place. I posit in §4.2.3 a set of three schemas. There are two general schemas that 
appear with all three verbs. In one case, the schema contains no 
DIRECTIONAL
,
while in 
another the 
DIRECTIONAL
appears but it can only refer to the source. These two schemas can 
be conflated in a single schema: 
Figure 14
. Schema conflating two previously posited schemas for expressing 
BANISHMENT
 
Both previously posited schemas are captured by a single schema. The 
DIRECTIONAL
phrase is optional, but if there is one present it must be a source of motion, and not any other 
I
NITIATOR
VERB 
M
OVANT
D
IRECTIONAL
I
NITIATOR
VERB 
M
OVANT
SOURCE
 


104 | 
part of the trajectory. I also proposed a third 
BANISHMENT 
schema for 
echar
which contains a 
lexically fixed 
DIRECTIONAL
. The 
DIRECTIONAL
must be the phrase 
a la calle
‘to the street’. 
This can be seen as a schema that does require a 
DIRECTIONAL
.
It is discussed in the following 
subsection.
Many of the LVCs seen in the data show optionality in the 
DIRECTIONAL
, especially 
those that are common with 
lanzar
. The 
FACIAL EXPRESSIONS 
schema (which includes the 
LOOKS 
schema) and the 
SOUNDS
schema provide examples that lack a 
DIRECTIONAL

(140) Airamaná 
LANZÓ
un largo suspiro… 
(CdE:19-F, Gallofero) 
Airamana threw a long sigh 
‘Airamana 
GAVE
a long sigh’ 
(CdE:19-F, Fecundación fraudulenta) 
(141) Yo, se dijo la señora Inés, 
LANCÉ
una carcajada y salí corriendo. 
I, CL.3
rd
said the Mrs. Ines, threw a laugh and left running
I, said Mrs. Ines, 
LET OUT
a laugh and ran out.
(142) …la mujer 
LANZÓ
un grito… 
(CdE:19-F, Lluvia) 
the woman threw a scream 
‘The woman 
LET OUT
a scream’ 
We could posit more specific schemas for the different facial expressions and sounds 
since some show special tendencies. For example, most of the sentences with 
mirada
‘look’ 
include a 
DIRECTIONAL
.
In contrast, all the sentences with 
carcajada 
‘laugh’ in the 400-
sentece corpus lack a 
DIRECTIONAL
. We can
capture these preferences with two specific 
schemas for each noun.
Figure 15
. Schemas for 
LOOKS
and 
LAUGHS
showing different preferences for the appearance 
of the 
DIRECTIONAL
.

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