The Interplay of Synonymy and Polysemy


 |  (CdE:19-F, Los hombres de Celina)  (97) Me ECHARÍAN encima



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83 | 
(CdE:19-F, Los hombres de Celina) 
(97) Me
ECHARÍAN
encima
todo el peso de una casa… 
CL.1
st
throw.3
rd
on.top all the weight of a house 
‘They 
WOULD PLACE
the entire weight of the house on my shoulders’ 
(CdE:19-F, Cien años de soledad) 
(98) Se
ECHÓ
encima
la dispendiosa tarea de atender a José Arcadio Buendía. 
Cl.3rd throw on.top the laborious task of attend to NAME. 
‘S/he took on the laborious task of attending to José Arcadio Buendía’ 
The literal (physical) meaning of a person placing a heavy object on themselves (in 
English one would say on their shoulders) motivates a figurative understanding. Weight 
carried by the body is associated with the concept of burdens (both mental and physical). 
The uses of 
echar
just described all show a connection between the literal sense of the 
words and the figurative meaning evoked in the sentences. For example, if I 
echar
abajo
‘throw down’ a wall, then I have also destroyed or ruined the wall. This leads to an extension 
in meaning, whereby if I throw down someone’s work, then I have ruined it. The idiomatic 
meaning is a more abstract (non-physical) and schematic version of the literal meaning. There 
are many examples with 
echar
that show this semantic pattern. I label these semantically-
schematic idioms and they are discussed in §5.2.
Lanzar
’s Preference for Nonphysical Movants 
The verb 
lanzar
shows a significantly higher occurrence of nonphysical 
MOVANTS
compared to all the other verbs. Most of the uses with 
lanzar
fall into the category of light 
verb constructions. The purpose of this section is to show the semantic classes that can occur 
with 
lanzar 
can be motivated. I will argue that it is possible to posit a single semantic 
characteristic covering all uses with this verb.

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