41 |
occurrence of
arrojar
+
luz
‘light’ from all the occurrences of
arrojar
. This is meant to
represent all constructions of V + N that occur with
arrojar
, but do not involve
luz
‘light’.
This type of table is filled for all combinations of verb and noun. Then a Fisher’s
Exact Test was run for each two-by-two table. The test was run on Microsoft’s online Fisher's
Exact Test Calculator
7
. The result is a p-value. In the case of table 5, the p-value is 2.79E-12
(or 0.00000000000279). The p-value indicates the level of attraction of the noun to the verb.
A noun is attracted to a verb if it has more occurrences than expected and its p-value is small:
the smaller the p-value, the larger the attraction. In this example,
luz
‘light’ is highly attracted
to the
MOVANT
position of
arrojar
. Repulsion can also be captured by this measure. The only
difference is that the noun occurs less often with the verb.
The p-value in such a case
represents the level of repulsion.
Stefanowitsch & Gries (2003:227) argue that one of the benefits of their method is
that it results in a ranked list of words associated to the construction, and this rank lends itself
to meaningful analysis. In our study, the ranked list lends
itself to two meaningful
comparisons. First of all, one can compare the behavior of the various nouns with a single
verb. This makes it possible for us to say which noun is most attracted to a verb. Since each
attracted noun usually signals different meanings expressed, this also allows us to tentatively
posit the most salient meanings for each verb. Thus the collostructional
analysis can give
some insight into the polysemy of each verb.
The collostructional analysis also provides insight into the synonymy of these verbs.
Comparing a single noun across all four verbs, gives data on the meanings that these verbs
share. We can compare the attraction of a single noun across all four verbs. This allows us to
detail which verbs occur with a certain noun (and therefore express a specific meaning). The
p-values can also pinpoint which verb prefers a given meaning.
There are some limitations to the collostructional analysis, speaking specifically from
the results of our study. First of all, in many cases the p-value is higher than 0.05 and is
therefore not significant. It is unclear whether anything meaningful can be said about those
instances. Secondly, there were only three cases of repulsion. Again, it was unclear whether
anything meaningful could be said about why there was repulsion. The limited data available
likely had an effect.
The results of the collostructional analysis in most cases confirm the patterns found in
the 400-sentence corpus, showing that the patterns found are representative
of the entire
7
http://research.microsoft.com/en-us/um/redmond/projects/mscompbio/FisherExactTest/
42 |
corpus. The collostructional analysis also provides some valuable information on
DIRECTIONALS
, especially since the 400-sentence corpus provides little data on this final
argument. The results of the collostructional analysis are described in §4.2.5 and §4.3.3.
Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: