70
Commissioner Statements
particular piece of the immigration puzzle–one that disproportionately affects American
citizens and legal immigrants who are members of racial minorities.
103
It should not be
confused with the puzzle as a whole.
It is also important not to overstate the case that illegal immigration depresses wages. Some
critics of current immigration policy imagine that ending illegal immigration would result in
American citizens and legal immigrants taking over all low-skilled jobs at higher wages.
This is unlikely. In the medium- to long-term, some of these jobs would simply migrate to
countries where labor is cheaper.
104
Others would be eliminated entirely. Homeowners, for
example, may be willing to employ a gardener or housekeeper so long as wages remain very
low. But if wages go up, they would do the work themselves.
Nevertheless, the fundamental point remains: There is a category of jobs that would remain
in this country and pay higher wages in the absence of continued illegal immigration. No one
should be surprised, therefore, to find that opposition to illegal immigration is very high
among low-skilled workers, who bring home smaller paychecks on account of it. Similarly,
no one should mistake for altruism the comparably greater support for illegal immigration
among high-skilled workers, who sometimes personally benefit from low wages they pay to
gardeners and housekeepers.
105
Supporters of the status quo in immigration policy often accuse opponents of deep-seated.
racism. One Senate staff member told Time Magazine, ―There is a fear of white people
being overrun by darker-skinned people.‖
106
The truth is usually more mundane. Many of
those who harbor strong feelings about illegal immigration–whether in support or in
opposition–are motivated at least in part by ordinary self-interest, mostly, though by no
means exclusively, of the economic variety.
The difficult job of Congress is to try to overcome the tendency to cater to one‘s own self
interest and instead to determine what is in the interest of the nation as a whole.
103
Several of our witnesses testified to the disproportionality point. See, e.g., Statement of Dr. Vernon Briggs
at 38 (―Because most immigrants overwhelmingly seek work in the low skilled labor market and because the
black American labor force is so disproportionately concentrated in this same low wage sector, there is little
doubt that there is significant overlap in competition for jobs in this sector of the labor market‖); Statement of
Dr. Steven Camarota at 49 (―Black men are disproportionately employed at the bottom end of the labor
market‖).
104
In response to a question that I posed along these lines at our briefing, Dr. Harry Holzer testified that,
because of the mobility of capital, increased enforcement of immigration laws would create an ―enormous‖
disruptive effect. Transcript at 54. Dr. Gordon Hanson thought that such increased enforcement would also
lead to capital outflows from the United States, but that such outflows would only partially offset the impact of
increased enforcement on low-skilled wages. Transcript at 57.
105
While illegal immigration is deeply unpopular with the general public, legal immigration is not. See, e.g.
Alan Wolfe, One Nation After All (1998)(The division between legal and illegal immigrants ―is one of the more
tenaciously held distinctions in middle class America: the people with whom we spoke overwhelmingly support
legal immigration and express disgust with the illegal variety‖).
106
See Massimo Calabresi, ―Is Racism Fueling the Immigration Debate?‖ Time (May 17, 2006).
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