question. See introductory comments above on the frequent suggestion that
he does so in order to soften the impact of Jesus’ radical teaching by
anchoring it in the relatively “safe” area of handwashing where the OT law
itself was not in question. I think it more likely that his conclusion is
governed by literary considerations, to provide an inclusio for the pericope
as a whole.
N. The Messiah’s Mission Extended Beyond Israel (15:21–39)
In Matthew’s account of the Galilean mission so far Jesus has met with and
commented on the faith of a Gentile army officer within Galilee (8:5–13), and
has deliberately made one trip across the lake into the Gentile area of Decapolis,
where he has delivered two demon-possessed men (8:28–34). Otherwise he has
been depicted as meeting only with Jewish people within Galilee, though there
has been a passing mention of crowds from Decapolis coming to him there
(4:25). His “escape” from Galilee after hearing of the hostility of Antipas
(14:13), while it took him (probably) outside Galilee proper, did not take him
away from the Galilean Jewish crowd, who followed and caught up with him;
nor did it involve any contact with the local people. But now there is a marked
change of focus. Jesus “withdraws” not merely outside Galilee but outside
Jewish territory altogether. The first person he meets is pointedly described as a
“Canaanite” who belongs to the Phoenician area into which he has now traveled
(v. 22), and while his itinerary from there is not clear, the local crowd will
respond to his miraculous power by praising “the God of Israel” (v. 31), an
unusual phrase which suggests that Matthew is speaking of Gentiles. We shall
note reasons for believing too that the following feeding miracle (vv. 32–38) is
not just a repetiition of what Jesus had previously done for a Jewish crowd, but
is a deliberate extension of their privilege to the Gentiles also. This little section
is held together by the theme of “bread,” metaphorically denied and then granted
to the Canaanite woman (vv. 26–28), and then, in fulfillment of the agreement
she has extracted, also made available literally to the Gentile “dogs.” (The theme
of bread will be further developed in 16:6–12, but there without explicit
reference to the racial issue.) This section at the close of the Galilean phase of
Matthew’s story thus marks a decisive break from the previous pattern of Jesus’
ministry, a deliberate extension of the mission of the Messiah of Israel to the
surrounding non-Jewish peoples.¹ The whole new approach is a practical
enactment of Jesus’ radical attitude toward Jewish purity laws which has just
been declared in vv. 11–20; he and his good news will recognize no such
restriction of the grace of God.
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