Tertium Organum



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Tertium-Organum-by-P-D-Ouspensky

illogical
from its point of view. An articulate two­
dimensional being will translate the idea -
this and that are the same object,
into the 
language of its own logic in the form of the formula: 
This is that.
Of course, it will say 
that it is nonsense, that the sense of a new order of things leads to logical absurdities. 
But it will be unable to express its sensations 
in any different way. 
We are exactly in the same position 
when we, the dead, awaken
i.e. when we, men, 
arrive at the sensation of a different life, the understanding of higher entities. 
The same fear, the same 
loss of the real,
the same sensation of an all-round 
illogicality, the same formula: 
This is that. 
To realize the 
new world
we must understand the 
new logicality. 
Our ordinary logic helps us to gauge only the relations existing in the 


phenomenal world. A great many attempts have been made to define 
what logic is.
But 
in its essence logic is just as undefinable as mathematics. 
What is mathematics? The science of magnitudes. 
What is logic? The science of concepts. 
But these are not definitions, they are merely a 
translation
of the name. Mathematics, 
or the science of magnitudes, is a system studying 
quantitative
relations between 
things; logic or the science of concepts is a system studying 
qualitative
(categorical) 
relations between things. 
Logic is constructed on exactly the same plan as mathematics. Both logic and 
mathematics (at least the mathematics of 'finite' and 'constant' numbers) are deduced by 
us from observing the phenomena 
of our
world. By means of generalizing our 
observations we gradually found relations which we called the fundamental laws of the 
world. 
In logic these fundamental laws are contained in the axioms of Aristotle and Bacon. 

is A (That which was A will be A) 
A is not not A (That which was not A will be not A) 
Each thing is either A or not A (Each thing must be A or not A) 
The logic of Aristotle and Bacon, elaborated and supplemented by their numerous 
followers, operates 
solely with concepts. 
Logos,
the word, is the subject of logic. To become the subject of logical reasoning, 
to be governed by the laws of logic an idea must be expressed in a word. What cannot 
be expressed in a word cannot enter into a logical system. Moreover, the 
word
can enter 
a logical system, be subject to logical laws 
only as a concept. 
At the same time we know perfectly well that 
not everything can be expressed in 
words.
In our life and in our feelings there is a great deal that cannot be fitted into 
concepts. So it is clear that even at this moment, at the present stage of our 
development, by no means everything can be 
logical
for us. A great many things are 
essentially 
outside logic.
Such is the entire domain of feelings, emotions, religion. All 
art is a complete illogicality. And we shall see presently that 
mathematics,
the most 
exact of all sciences, is also completely illogical.* 
If we compare the logical axioms of Aristotle and Bacon with the axioms of the 
generally known mathematics, we shall see that they are entirely identical. 
The axioms of logic * Strictly speaking, the science parallel to logic is not 
mathematics, but geometry. 



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