Technology ("science of craft", from Greek τέχνη, techne, "art, skill, cunning of hand"; and -λογία, -logia[2]) is the sum of techniques, skills, methods
Write down the following new words and learn them
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- Write down the following new words and learn them
- Textile fibres and their use
- My career choice is Fashion designing
- Uzbekistan is the land of cotton
Rayon Rayon includes the fibres made by three processes – the viscose, the nitrocellulose and the cuprammonium. Being regenerated cellulose, they react chemically as other cellulose. Rayon burns readily in the air the same as cotton and linen and the ash remaining is typical of cellulose. However, when burning they may be distinguished from natural cellulose fibres by a slight chemical order. The acetate fibre is a cellulose derivative and therefore reacts quite differently chemically from the rayon. When brought near a flame, this fibre fuses or melts, forming a black, hard not brittle ash. Instead of forming brittle beads as does silk, acetate fibres fuse and drop as melted metal. Rayon is more resistant to perspiration than other fibres. Rayon does not provide a favourable medium for the growth of bacteria. Rayon are not so as strong as silk. It has less elasticity than silk, it creases more easily. It is used to supplement the defects of the materials such as cotton, linen, wool and give them a new style. Rayon fabrics take dyes just as well as cotton. Thus, rayon turns up in hosiery, sport and dress fabrics. Write down the following new words and learn them:
Silk Silk is the only natural fibre which can be waves or knitted directly into a fabric in its raw state. The silk fibre is strong and retains most of its strength when wet, possesses great elasticity and durability and is the finest of the natural fibres. It also has the advantage of being the lightest in weight of all the natural fibres. Silk in the longest, lightest, strongest for equal cross section and finest of all the natural textile fibres. Silk absorbs moisture from the atmosphere like wool is said to hold as much as 30 per cent of its weight without feeling wet. Excess moisture increases the weight and elasticity, but decreases its breaking strength. Silk in pear conductor of electricity, which permits the use of this fibre for insulating wires inelectrical apparatus. Being a poor conductor silk becomes electrified by friction in the manufacturing processes. Raw silk varies from cream to bright yellow in colour and is comparatively harsh to the touch. Boiled off, or degummed silk is a single strand of fibre almost microscopic in size and white or nearly ac. Wild silk is coarser and less regular than cultivated silk and is more difficult to handle in the manufacturing and finishing process. One of the properties of silk that makes it a practical fabric for garments in the case with which it can be cleaned. The smooth surface and freedom from short fibres causes it to shed dust give up dirt readily. Write down the following new words and learn them: silk fibre – ipak tola strength – chidamlilik durability – chidamli, pishiq weight – og’irlik moisture – namlik wet – nam, ho’l break – mo’rt, uziluvchan poor conductor – yomon o’tkazuvchi bright yellow – och sariq wild silk – yovvoyi o’sgan tut daraxti single or double mesh – bir yoki qo’sh halqali deep lustre – jilvador raw state – xom advantage – qulaylik, qoyda cross section – kundalangiga kesganda decrease – kamaymoq, oz miqdorda to permit the use – foydalanishga imkon bermoq installating wire – sim bilan o’rash harsh to the touch – ushlaganda dag’al coarse – qo’pol Textile fibres and their use Some few fibres such as wool, silk and linen posses in their natural state the properties necessary to permit their use in the production of fabrics. With the aid of science man has been able to produce new fibres so we now have natural fibres and synthetic, or man – made fibres. The natural fibres are divided, according to their source and their chemical composition, into animal, vegetable, and mineral fibres. The synthetic fibres are classified according to their chemical source. A classification of the most important fibres used in the textile industries follows: Natural Fibres Animal Hair fibres – ship’s wool, mohair, camelk’s hair, alpaca, vicuna, Ilama; Cocoon fibres – silk Vegetable Seed hair – cotton, kapok, milked bast fibres – flax, hemp, jute, remie Leaf fibres – abaca (manila hemp), pineapplefibres; Mineral Asbestos Synthetic Fibres Regenerated cellulose – Rayon Viscose Cup ammonium Fortisan Regular Fortisan – 36 2. Cellulose esters a) Acetate b) Arnel 3. Protein fibres a) Animal – Casein b) Vegetable, Corn – Vicara 4. Glass 5. Metals – gold, silver, aluminium 6. Nylon a) Type 66 b) Type 6 7. Polyester Fibre a) Dacron 8. Acrylic fibres a) Orlan b) Acrilan c) Dynel 9. Vinyl derivatives a) Vinyon H.H. b) Saran Write down the following new words and learn them: Natural state – tabiiy holati natural fibre – tabiiy tola chemical composition – ximiyaviy tarkibi animal – hayvon vegetable – o’simlik possess – ega bo’lmoq property – xususiyat fabric – material, gazmol cotton – paxta seed – chigit Read and translate the text, and find the definitions of the underlined specific words : Textile technology Textile technology is a branch of engineering where scientific technologies are used for manufacturing and developing several varieties of fabric. Engineering is the use of science and math to design or make things. People who do engineering are called engineers. They learn engineering at a college or university. Engineers usually design or build things. Some engineers also use their skills to solve technical problems. There are different types of engineers that design everything from computers and buildings to watches and websites. People have been engineering things for thousands of years. Textile technology deals with the basic knowledge of fiber material, science and technologies relevant to fiber processing with product design and development. It involves the study of fiber science. Medical textiles, technical textiles and textile supply chain operations are specialty areas. Textile technology, also known as textile science covers a broad range of topics including chemistry, physics in textile production and textiles used in apparels and interior designs. Textile technology involves the whole process of converting fiber materials to end product and be able to identify and analyze the appropriate materials and production routes for specific end products. Textile technology is a program of study that can cover a broad range of topics, from chemistry and physics in textile production to textiles used in apparel and interior design. Briefly, textile technology is the science of creating and enhancing fibers, fabrics and other textiles used in manufacturing, apparel, healthcare and consumer products. Answer the questions: 1. What is a textile? 2. What types of fabrics do you know? 3. What kind of clothes do you like to wear? Why? 4. What type of fabric is the most difficult one to weave/knit? Find the English definitions of the following words and phrases: Angor echkisi juni, sintetik to’qima tolalar, mahsus tabiiy, mato tuzilishi, batafsil, toladan ipga aylanish, kelib chiqmoq, yelkanlar, dasturhon, tola/ip, mutahassis uchun o’ta muhum, gazlama, to’qilgan, to’r, arqon, bezak to’r, kigiz, sochiq, oddiy mato. Read and translate the text, and find the definitions of the underlined specific words : My career choice is Fashion designing The career in which I am most interested in the textile industry is that of the fashion designer. Fashion Designer is the person who comes up with the ideas and designs today, for the clothes that we, the consumers will be wearing tomorrow. This alone the power to inspire the world of fashion would be enough to make want to become a fashion designer, but designing clothes is also a way of expressing yourself. Each designer is unique and thus, the clothes each create are just as unique. Although the job of a fashion designer may seem easy, there are many abilities involved in the job. Some of this abilities which I possess, include a love for fashion, understanding a color, and combination of color and the ability to convey design ideas through pictures. Along with the possessed above qualities, taking clothing classes in school has made me realize many ideas that I have for clothing and becoming a fashion designer would allow me to convey these ideas to those around me. To become a fashion designer there are many duties to take on. One is attending a college that consists of 1 to 4 years of learning for that specific career. Other duties are: learning about textiles, fabrics, and how to make different apparel such as shoes, coats, or clothes and more, having good communication skills for mix and matching apparels and making them look right. To become a fashion designer one must have a lot of creativity, imagination, fearlessness and passion. Answer the questions: 1. What is fashion? 2. What does the fashion designer do? 3. What country is considered as the center of the fashion? 4. What does the fashion change depends on? Find the Uzbek definitions of the following words and phrases fashion, consumer, to inspire, unique, possess, to attend, kelib to convey, realize, specific, apparel, mix, matching, creativity, fearless, passion. Internet sources THE MACHINE AGE (3) Elias Howe died October 3rd, 1867, in his 46th year. He had won fame for being a great inventor at the age of 27; by the time of his death, the annual revenue which he received from royalties on his machine constituted a princeply sum indeed. France honoured him by conferring upon him the Cross of the Legion of Honour. Nature had endowed him with many excellent qualities both of mind and heart. His memory continues to be esteemed as the discoverer of a new world in mechanics. His, indeed, was one of the great inventions of all time. He brought serviceable clothing within the reach of almost everyone and opened a new era in the economic history of man. Write down the following new words and learn them: inventor – kashfiyotchi sewing machine – tikuv mashinasi tailor – mashinachi garment – kiyim, bichiq to stitch – tikmoq infringer – qoidaga bo’y sunmovchi carving machine – qirqadigan mashina improved machine – takomillashgan mashina sketch – eskiz, chizma The machine age (1) Like all great inventors, Eliss Howe found when he completed the sewing machine, his difficulties had just begun. One week after he had finished his first model, gave them an opportunity to see what it could do. He set up his little machine in one of the rooms of the Quincy Hall Clothing Manufacturing Company and, seating himself before it, offered to sew up any seem that might be brought to him. One sceptical tailor after another brought up garments and saw his long seams sewed perfectly, at the rate of 250 stitches per minute, which was about seven times as fast as the work could have been done by hand. The great cost of the machine at this time was an obstacle to its production. A year or two later however Mr. Howe had a copy of his machine made for exhibition in his window, and it cost his only 250 to produce it. But inventors, like mothers, do not give up their offspring easily. America having rejected his invention, Eliss Howe resolved to offer it to England. While he was thus engaged events occurred which threatened to deprive him of the benefits of his invention. Generally, the infringers of his patent were not men of means or of extraordinary energy. Now he became involved with an infringer who was of a very different metal. He was Isaac Mr. Singer, a man himself of extraordinary genius but at this time a poor and baffled adventure. The invention of the sewing machine was one of the most important economic events in the commercial history of the Western world since the early middle Ages. A text on speciality: THE MACHINE AGE (3) Elias Howe died October 3rd, 1867, in his 46th year. He had won fame for being a great inventor at the age of 27; by the time of his death, the annual revenue which he received from royalties on his machine constituted a princeply sum indeed. France honoured him by conferring upon him the Cross of the Legion of Honour. Nature had endowed him with many excellent qualities both of mind and heart. His memory continues to be esteemed as the discoverer of a new world in mechanics. His, indeed, was one of the great inventions of all time. He brought serviceable clothing within the reach of almost everyone and opened a new era in the economic history of man. Write down the following new words and learn them: inventor – kashfiyotchi sewing machine – tikuv mashinasi tailor – mashinachi garment – kiyim, bichiq to stitch – tikmoq infringer – qoidaga bo’y sunmovchi carving machine – qirqadigan mashina improved machine – takomillashgan mashina sketch – eskiz, chizma Uzbekistan is the land of cotton Uzbekistan is a land of cotton and cotton plant branches are depicted on its coat of arms. Cotton growing is the foundation of the republic’s economy. “Cotton is the child of the sun’’, say the Uzbeks. With its warm long and rainless summer and millions of hectares of fertile land is suitable for irrigation. Uzbekistan has one of the best conditions in the world for cultivating this crop. It produces for about two-thirds of the country’s production. Uzbekistan has fulfilled the plan for 2008. It has been annually producing more than 3 million tons of raw cotton. Cotton serves as the raw material for thousands of varieties of fabric, cotton wool, knitted goods, yarn and artificial silk. It is used to make paper, collodion, celluloid, pyroxylin, artificial leather, alcohol, fibre, plexiglass, cellophane, gramophone records, photographic and cinematographic films and many other things. The scientific aspects of cotton growing are subject to continuous supervision and research. There are all conditions for improving cotton sorts. From time to time new sorts of cotton are discovered. For example, Namangan I, II, III, Uychi I, II, Kizilravat I, II, III sorts are best of all. In one word, cotton of Uzbekistan is our pride and wealth. Write down the following new words and learn them:
Read and translate the text, and find the definititons of the underlined specific words : What is textile? Textile is a manufactured material. It is any filament, fiber, or yarn that can be made into fabric or cloth, and the resulting material itself. The word textile commonly means woven or knitted cloth. Lace, felt, and many other kinds of cloth are considered as textiles, too. Even nets, rope, and yarn may be called textiles. People use textiles to make clothing, towels, sheets, table linens, carpets, boat sails, flags, and many other things.So it is often used to make clothing or cover furniture. The term is derived from the Latin “textilis” and the French “texere”, meaning “to weave,” and it originally referred only to woven fabrics. It has come to include fabrics produced by other methods. Thus, threads, cords, ropes, braids, lace, embroidery, nets, and fabrics made by weaving, knitting, bonding, felting, or tufting are textiles. Some definitions of the term textile would also include those products obtained by the papermaking principle that have many of the properties associated with conventional fabrics. It is very important for a specialist to learn in detail the processes involved in the conversion of fibers to yarn, fabric construction, finishing operations applied to textiles, uses of textile materials, and the relationship between the producer and the consumer. Fibers may be specific natural and synthetic textile fibers such as wool, mohair, nylon, and polyester and others. Cloth can be made from natural fibers or man-made ones. Examples of natural fibers are cotton, wool, and silk. Examples of man-made fibers are nylon, rayon, and polyester. Answer the questions: What is a textile? What does the term “textile” mean? Describe the processes which are involved in the conversion of fibers to yarn. What types of fiber do you know? What are the examples of natural fiber? What are the examples of man-made fiber? Find the English definitions of the following words and phrases Tola, to’qilgan, bog’ich, jiyak, asbob- uskunalar, ip, choyshab, eshkaк, ip, arqon, bog’ich, arg’amchi, ingichkabog’ich (shnur), chilvir, kashtachilikgultikish, to’r, bog’lash, kigizto’qish, qavish, sun’iy ipak tola Used literature: Internet sources Wool Long before when primitive men lived in caves and lake dwellings we find the bones of sheep already domesticated. Later sheep invariably figured as the reason for roaming from place to place. Flock of sheep founded one of the finest strains of woolbearing sheep is known to the world today. From the 11th up to the 18th century English rulers gave increasing attention to the wool industry. The story of wool in the Western World is believed with their Eastern beginnings. In Mexico, Peru and other South American countries, people were raising wool-bearing animals. Wool spinning and weaving were from necessity a household industry. Wool was used for clothing thousands of years ago. In the 20th century the use of wool began to spread to the Far East where previously only silk and cotton was used. Wool has a wonderful power of absorbing moisture. It is the most elastic fibre and it resists wrinkles and creases. Wool is thermostatic and its fibres act as a natural regulator of body temperature. So, wool turns up in dresses, coats, overcoats and many other articles. Write down the following new words and learn them:
Read and translate the text: YARN PRODUCTION Yarn is a long continuous length of interlocked fibers, suitable for use in the production of textiles, sewing, crocheting, knitting, weaving, embroidery, and rope making. Thread is a type of yarn intended for sewing by hand or machine. Modern manufactured sewing threads may be finished with wax or other lubricants to withstand the stresses involved in sewing. Embroidery threads are yarns specifically designed for hand or machine embroidery. Yarn is a strand composed of fibers, filaments (individual fibers of extreme length), or other materials, either natural or man-made, suitable for use in the construction of interlaced fabrics, such as woven or knitted types. The strand may consist of a number of fibers twisted together; a number of filaments grouped together but not twisted; a number of filaments twisted together; a single filament, called a monofilament, either with or without twist; or one or more strips made by dividing a sheet of material, such as paper or metal foil, and either twisted or untwisted. The properties of the yarn employed greatly influence the appearance, texture, and performance of the completed fabric. Yarns can be described as single, or one-ply; ply, plied, or folded; or as cord, including cable and hawser types. Answer the questions: What is yarn? What types of yarn do you know? From what does the quality of yarn depend on? What is the difference between yarn and thread? How is the modern thread finished? Activity 4. Listen and repeat new words. Compose your own sentences with them. Write down and learn them: Interlocked fibers o’zaro bog’langan tolalar crocheting to’quvchilik, kryuchokda to’qish embroidery kashtachilik rope making arqon to’qish wax mum lubricant moylash materiali a strand tutam, eshilgan filament tola, ip interlaced fabrics o’zaro suitable mos, munosib, loyiq to twist(ed) o’rmoq, eshmoq (o’rilgan) metal foil folga texture tuzilma, gazmolning pishiqligi appearance tashqi ko’rinish single/ on-ply bir ip/ bir buram plied / folded qat-qat/ ko’p qatli cord (cable, hawser) arqon, yo’g’on arqon, chiyratma ip Activity 5. True or False (T/F/NG) Yarn is not suitable for use in the production of rope makinghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Textile. ___ The properties of the yarn employed greatly influence the appearance, texture, and performance of the completed fabric.___ Yarns can be described as cord, including cable and hawser types Yarns can not be described as plied, or folded. ___ Yarns can be described as one-ply. ___ Yarn is an object composed of fibers, filaments or others. ___ Used literature: 1. Internet sources Download 12,06 Mb. Do'stlaringiz bilan baham:
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Raqamli texnologiyalar
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steiermarkischen landesregierung
asarlaringizni yuboring
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steierm rkischen
landesregierung fachabteilung
rkischen landesregierung
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asosiy adabiyotlar
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