learning by doing
is the idea that students
will learn language when they use it to do
something rather than studying it as a language.
This is the basic concept behind
c o m m u n ic a tiv e
la n g u a g e t e a c h i n g
and
ta s k - b a s e d le a r n in g .
learning by rote
is learning things
automatically - e.g. learning lists of words or
memorising sentences,
learning outcome
- a term used both to
describe what we hope the result of the lesson
will be (what the students will have learnt,
experienced or felt by the time the lesson is
over) and also to say what the students actually
did learn, etc when the lesson had finished,
learning resources
are any items (dictionaries
- MLDs, bilingual dictionaries - worksheets,
supplementary books, DVDs, etc) which both
teacher and students can use to learn either in
class or in places such as
s e lf - a c c e s s c e n t r e s .
learning styles
are the ways that different
people approach learning, for example, whether
they are prepared to try for
l e a r n e r a u to n o m y
or not, or which of their
m u ltip le i n te l li g e n c e s
they will use or how they respond to different
stimuli.
lesson planning
—►
p l a n n in g
lesson stages
- the different parts of/activities
in a lesson.
level
- the standard of English that a student
has reached (e.g.
b e g in n e r , a l t e
level Bl, etc),
level of challenge
- the degree of difficulty
students are likely to encounter when doing a
task or learning some new language.
Lexical Approach
- a way of looking at
language and language learning which suggests
that vocabulary and the way it collocates (and
the
l e x i c a l c h u n k s
that are formed) are perhaps
a more proper subject for learning than
focusing on
g ra m m a r.
lexical chunks
are collections of words which
occur together - and the collection operates
more or less as a unit of meaning, e.g. ‘If I were
you ...’, ‘Mustn’t grumble’, ‘D’you fancy ...’,
‘out of the ordinary’. Fixed lexical phrases are
those where you can’t change any of the words
in them and still hope to use the phrase (e.g.
‘sick as a parrot’ in British English), whereas in
semi-fixed lexical phrases we can change some
of the words and still use the phrase (e.g. ‘It’s
amazing/extraordinary how ...’, ‘See you later/
this afternoon/tomorrow’). -► Chapter 5 pages
75-76
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