Ta’lim sohasi: 110000 Pedagogika Ta’lim yo`nalishi



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Adverbialization –the use of adjectives as adverbs, e.g., he spoke loud (loudly), it tastes good, etc.
Affix(affixational morpheme) – a derivational morpheme which is always bound to a stem or to a combination containing a stem, e.g., unmistakable, unpardonable, irregularity. Affixes are subdivided into prefixes, suffixes and infixes according to their position (see prefixsuffixinfix), e.g., un-, dis-, re-, -ful, -less, -able,
etc.
Affixation –is the formation of new words by adding derivative affixes to derivational bases or stems, e.g., kind + ness, grate ful, un + happy, im +
moral, etc.
Allomorphs –positional variants of a morpheme characterized by complementary distribution (they are used in mutually exclusive environment and stand in alternation with each other), e.g., allomorphs of the prefix in- are: il- (illegal), ir- (irregular), im- (impossible), etc.
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Back-formation –derivation of a new word by subtracting a real or supposed affix from an existing word, e.g., to sculpt – sculptor, to beg – beggar, to burgle – burglar, etc.
Barbarisms –unassimilated borrowings or loan words, used by English people in conversation or in writing, printed in italics, or in inverted commas, e.g., such French phrases as топ cher – my dear, tête-a-tête – face to face, or Italian words, addio, ciao – good bye.
Blendingor telescoping –formation of a word by merging parts of words (not morphemes) into one new word; the result is a blend, fusion, e.g., smog
(smoke + fog), transceiver (transmitter + receiver), motel (motor + hotel),
brunch (breakfast + lunch), etc.
Borrowings(also loan words) –words taken over from another language and (partially or totally) modified in phonetic shape, spelling, paradigm or meaning according to the standards of the English language, e.g., rickshaw (Chinese), sherbet (Arabian), ballet, café, machine, cartoon, police (French), etc.

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