Degree of completion:
Material (valued at $19,880)
100%
Conversion (valued at $3,775)
25%
Units transferred to process 2
1700 units
Closing WIP
300 units
Degree of completion:
Materials
100%
Conversion
50%
Costs incurred in the period :
Material
$100,000
Conversion
$86,000
There were no process losses.
Required:
Prepare the process account for august using:
a)
Weighted average method.
b)
FIFO method.
Solution:
a) Weighted Average Method
Process Account
Equivalent units:
Material:
1,700 + (300 x 100%) = 2,000 units
Conversion:
1,700 + (300 x 50%) = 1,850 units
Cost per unit:
Materials:
($19,880 + $100,000) / 2,000 units = $59.94 per unit
Conversion:
($3,775 + $86,000) / 1,850 units = $48.527 per unit
Total cost per unit:
$59.94 + $48.527 = $108.467 per unit
units
$
units
$
Opening WIP
400
23,655 Finished goods
1,700
184,394
Material
1,600
100,000 Closing WIP
300
25,261
Conversion
86,000
Total
2,000 209,655
Total
2,000
209,655
F2 Management Accounting
Page 62 of 147
Cost of Finished Goods:
1,700 x $108.467 =
$184,394
Cost of Closing WIP:
Materials:
(300 x 100%) x $59.94 = $17,982
Conversion:
(300 x 50%) x $48.527 = $7,279
$25,261
b) FIFO (First in first out)
Process Account
Equivalent units:
(Opening WIP x remaining percentage of completion) + Units input n
transferred to output in the period + (closing WIP x percentage of completion).
Material:
(400 x 0%) + 1,300 + (300 x 100%) = 1,600 units
Conversion:
(400 x 75%) + 1,300 + (300 x 50%) = 1,750 units
Cost per unit:
Materials:
$100,000 / 1,600 units = $62.50 per unit
Conversion:
$86,000 / 1,750 units = $49.143 per unit
Total cost per unit:
$62.50 + $49.143 = $111.643 per unit
Cost of Finished Goods:
1,300 units x $111.643 = $145,137
1,700 units
400 units
$23,655 (incurred in the previous period)
Material:
(400 x 0%) x $62.50 = $0
Conversion:
(400 x 75%) x $49.143 = $14,742
$14,742
Total cost of finished goods:
$145,137 + $23,655 + $14,742 = $183,534
Cost of Closing WIP:
Materials:
(300 x 100%) x $62.50 = $18,750
Conversion:
(300 x 50%) x $49.143 = $7,371
26,121
JOINT AND BY PRODUCTS
Joint Products:
Joint Products are produced from the same process but which have significant sales
value at point of separation.
units
$
units
$
Opening WIP
400
23,655 Finished goods
1,700
183,534
Material
1,600
100,000 Closing WIP
300
26121
Conversion
86,000
Total
2,000 209,655
Total
2,000
209,655
F2 Management Accounting
Page 63 of 147
By Products:
By Products on the other hand are the output of the same process but they have a very
small sales value as compared with the value of main products.
Point of Separation/Split Point
£ 20
£ 22
£ 0.5
APPORTIONMENT OF JOINT COST INTO JOINT PRODUCTS
Process account will be as normal. The joint cost of the joint products is distributed according to these
methods:
1.
Physical measurement/volume at point of separation
2.
Sales value at point of separation
3.
Net realizable value at point of separation
ACCOUNTING TREATMENT FOR BY-PRODUCTS
In process costing, By Products are treated as normal losses and the sales value of By Product is treated
as scrap value of normal loss.
1.
Income from by product added to sales of main product
2.
Income from by product treated as a separate source of income
3.
Sales income of by product deducted from the cost of production
4.
Net realisable value of by product deducted from the cost of production
Joint product
By product
Nature
It’s a main product
Supplementary product
Realizable value
High sales value
Low sales value
Accounting
All the joint products are separately
accounted for
A by-product is not
separately costed.
Process
A
B
C
Joint Products
By Product
F2 Management Accounting
Page 64 of 147
Budgeting
Planning & Control Cycle
Most organizations have long term goals which can be divided into objectives and action plan.
Objective:
Measurable steps towards achieving the goals.
Action plan:
D
e
tailed steps for achieving the objectives. Action plans are often express in money terms
and usually called budget.
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