Study Notes management accounting acca f2



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Study Notes MANAGEMENT ACCOUNTING ACCA F

Rationalization
When organizations grow, especially through mergers and takeovers, there is a tendency for work to 
be duplicated in different parts of the organisation. The elimination of unnecessary duplication and 
concentration of resources is a form of rationalisation. 

Expenses
▪ Authorised expenses 
▪ Evaluate capital expenditure 
▪ Continually questions about expense items 
 

ANOTHER APPROACH TO COST REDUCTION 
Value analysis: 
It is a planned, scientific approach to cost reduction, which reviews the material 
composition of a product and product’s design so that modifications and improvements can be made 
which do not reduce the value of the product to the customer or user. This means the value of the 
product remains same with reduced cost. 
Value engineering: 
It is the application of similar technique on new products so that new products 
are designed and developed to a given value at minimum cost. 
 
Values: 
There are four types of values:
 
1. 
Cost value: 
It is a cost of producing and selling an item 
2. 
Exchange value: 
It is the market value of the product or service 
3. 
Use value: 
It is what the item does, what the purpose it fulfils 
4. 
Esteem value: 
It is the prestige the customer attaches to the product. It is the value which is 
given by customer 
STEPS OF VALUE ANALYSIS
▪ Reduce unit cost so cost value is the only value which we try to reduce 
▪ Value analysis try to provide same or improved use value in a low cost 
▪ Value analysis try to maintain or enhance the esteem value at low cost 
 
 


F2 Management Accounting
Page 106 of 147 

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