Stages of the Business Cycle

The Case of Prosperity

One of the defining characteristics of the prosperity stage in the business cycle is low level of unemployment. Additionally, a prosperous economy experiences relatively high levels of consumer demand and production, matched with increased buying power for much of the population. This climate also tends to increase the availability of consumer credit. Another characteristic of prosperity is the relatively high level of inflation usually prevalent during this stage of the business cycle.

The Downfall of Prosperity

As with all other things, prosperity eventually hits its maximum level and begins to trend towards recession. This happens for a number of different reasons, usually several of them working in conjunction. The most common reasons for the shift towards recession relate to prices increasing until they exceed the purchasing power of the population, consumer credit becoming overused or misused and employment reaching maximum levels. Additionally, inflation is often a contributing factor unless governments take measures to control inflation within the economy.

Retsessiya va tiklanishni aniqlash

Ishdan bo'shatish va yangi ishga yollanishning to'xtashi turg'unlikni tavsiflaydi. Ish bilan bandlikning qisqarishi bozorda talabning pastligi sababli ishlab chiqarishning pasayishi va natijasini anglatadi. Ayniqsa, ushbu bosqich tsiklik, o'z-o'zini davom ettirish tendentsiyasiga ega bo'lib, undan chiqish qiyin bo'ladi. Iqtisodiyot qayta tiklanish iqtisodiy o'sishni boshdan kechiradigan vaqt davri sifatida tanazzulga uchraydi. Qayta tiklanish davrida talab va ishlab chiqarish ko'payadi, o'z navbatida, ishga qabul qilish va ish o'rinlarini yaratish darajasini oshiradi.

Obod turmush

Biznes tsiklidagi farovonlik bosqichini belgilovchi xususiyatlaridan biri bu ishsizlikning past darajasi. Bundan tashqari, gullab-yashnayotgan iqtisodiyot iste'molchilar talabi va ishlab chiqarishining nisbatan yuqori darajasini boshdan kechirmoqda, bu esa aholining ko'p qismi uchun sotib olish qobiliyatining oshishiga mos keladi. Ushbu iqlim, shuningdek, iste'mol kreditlari imkoniyatlarini oshirishga intiladi. Obodlikning yana bir o'ziga xos xususiyati - bu ishbilarmonlik siklining ushbu bosqichida odatda keng tarqalgan inflyatsiyaning nisbatan yuqori darajasi.

Obodlikning qulashi

Boshqa barcha narsalar singari, farovonlik oxir-oqibat maksimal darajaga etadi va turg'unlik tendentsiyasini boshlaydi. Bu turli xil sabablarga ko'ra sodir bo'ladi, odatda ularning bir nechtasi birgalikda ishlaydi. Retsessiya tomon siljishning eng keng tarqalgan sabablari narxlarning aholi sotib olish qobiliyatidan oshguncha, iste'mol kreditining haddan tashqari ishlatilishidan yoki noto'g'ri ishlatilishidan va ish bilan ta'minlanishning eng yuqori darajaga ko'tarilishigacha bo'lgan vaqtga bog'liqdir. Bundan tashqari, hukumatlar iqtisodiyot ichidagi inflyatsiyani nazorat qilish choralarini ko'rmasa, inflyatsiya ko'pincha yordam beruvchi omil hisoblanadi.

Recession

The recession is the stage that follows the peak phase. The demand for goods and services starts declining rapidly and steadily in this phase. Producers do not notice the decrease in demand instantly and go on producing, which creates a situation of excess supply in the market. Prices tend to fall. All positive economic indicators such as income, output, wages, etc., consequently start to fall.

Turg'unlik

Retsessiya - bu eng yuqori palladan keyingi bosqich. Ushbu bosqichda tovar va xizmatlarga talab tez va barqaror ravishda pasayib boraveradi. Ishlab chiqaruvchilar talabning pasayishini bir zumda sezmaydilar va ishlab chiqarishni davom ettirishmoqda, bu esa bozorda ortiqcha taklif holatini vujudga keltiradi. Narxlar pasayish tendentsiyasiga ega. Daromad, mahsulot, ish haqi va boshqalar kabi barcha ijobiy iqtisodiy ko'rsatkichlar pasayishni boshlaydi.