121
When asked about the health risks Pio Panizza replied: “What was there to say?
There were those... poor guys... as they say…but they weren't unfortunate... They were the
types that you just told them what to do, and they worked independently.” To
the question
had he known about asbestosis and other mining diseases, Panizza’s response was quite
simply: “No.” He then added:
We knew it was an asbestos mine and you
worked…..and that's it… It wasn't known… The “big wigs”
maybe knew that asbestos was harmful, but they didn’t
ever say anything
. It came out later, when the first were
to become ill. Then it came out.
60
The experienced Lombard and Island of Elba miners had prior knowledge with which
to compare the work conditions, just as Mines Inspector Hunter did during
an AWU hearing
in 1949 based on his visits to other mines in Western Australia.
61
Most of the Italians who
went to Wittenoom, on the other hand, had had no mining experience. Ezio Belintende, a
textile worker in Italy, recalled the comments of an older Italian miner with whom he worked
in Wittenoom. Parolo, a man from a town nearby Belintende’s in Lombardy, told him: “Look,
it’s no good here”.
62
Just what “no good” meant was never made clear to Belintende because
the company never informed him or his work mates about asbestos-related diseases. The
experienced miners most likely knew about silicosis and tuberculosis from their experiences
in European mines, but not asbestos-related diseases.
Some participants also spoke of accidents in the mine, as well as deaths unrelated to
mining, but which perhaps were linked to the consequences of the
working conditions and
Wittenoom’s isolation. One Polish man hanged himself; another of German or French
nationality also took his own life.
Flying rock shards, men falling down chutes and cave-ins caused
injuries, prompting
early departures. The more fortunate somehow broke their fall, hanging on for dear life until
they were rescued. One accident (the result of two Italian workmates squabbling) involved a
locomotive. Valentino Faustinelli, from Brescia in northern Italy, was always sent out of the
mine to get any equipment needed by his work mate, Franco Miotti, two years his senior.
60
Interview with Pio and Miriam Panizza, Italy, November 2008.
61
Motley Rice Plaintiff’s Exhibit no. 10151, Australian Workers’ Union hearing, p. 79.
62
Interview with Ezio Belintende, Italy, November 2008.
122
Faustinelli did so begrudgingly, with his apparently characteristic complaining:
“Ma porco
della malora! Mi mandi sempre fuori! Perche` non ci vai tu una volta”!?
63
For once Miotti
agreed to a change in routine. Miotti was injured by the
locomotive, which ran over his leg.
The danger of injury from the dynamite was always a possibility, as happened to a man from
the city of Trento (the capital of the Trentino Alto-Adige region), blinded as the result of an
explosion. One wife recalled her husband’s warnings about
the dangers of unexploded
powder and the signs to look for when going back to remove the rock.
64
This man, her
husband had hypothesized, must have run his tool over the powder, causing it to explode in
his face. The shift in the mine always ended with the setting off of the explosives to break up
the host rock.
65
Despite
the conditions, there were no accounts among research participants of
Italians approaching the union (the Australian Workers Union — AWU) with complaints.
According to ABA Limited, “Wittenoom, literally, has no record of a strike”.
66
Layman noted
that the Wittenoom workers did not display resistance to management strategies of control
typical in other mining communities. At Wittenoom, they were neither militant nor radical and
trade unionism at the mine was characterized by apathy and inactivity.
67
It is evident from
participants’ accounts that the Italians had one goal in Wittenoom: to earn enough to
enable
a better sistemazione elsewhere. Their lack of English and, no doubt, fear of losing their job
would have stopped most from complaining; even though Giacomo Bevacqua spoke of his
protests to ABA. On several occasions, Bevacqua demanded that the ore he
had mined be
weighed again because, he argued, the amount had been understated.
68
63
Damn it! You are always sending me out! Why don’t you go out for once!?
64
She did not elaborate upon the signs to look for during our conversation.
65
Merler, Ercolanelli & de Klerk, Op Cit. p. 258.
66
Motley Rice Plaintiff’s Exhibit no. 10554:The ABA Story (1963), Chapter 12.
67
Layman (1983), Op Cit. p. 1.
68
Interview with Giacomo Bevacqua, Perth, November 2008.