participants on more than one occasion.
Between December 2007 and June 2008 I had made contact with the Asbestos
Diseases Society of Australia in Perth and eventually Dr Enzo Merler in Italy. It had taken
several phone calls before I actually spoke with ADSA president, Robert Vojakovic. My visits
to the society’s Perth office in 2008, 2009 and 2010 provided me with the reason: a waiting-
room full of asbestos victims and their family members, anxious to meet with him, his wife
Rose Marie Vojakovic or one of the other ADSA staff to discuss how the ADSA could help
them with their medico/legal matters relating to Workers Compensation and Common Law
damages claims.
8
At Robert Vojakovic’s suggestion I had planned my visit to Perth between
late November and early December 2008, during Asbestos Awareness Week. I attended the
ADSA’s two annual events: the Ecumenical Memorial Service — held to remember those
who have died of an asbestos-related disease — and their annual picnic. I attended the
Ecumenical Service again in 2010 during my final fieldwork visit to Perth. At these events I
met several Italians with whom I would arrange subsequent meetings to record their stories.
During the preparations for my fieldwork, finding Dr Enzo Merler had turned out to be
not so straight forward. A search of the Internet ultimately led me to Dr. Merler via Professor
8
Asbestos Diseases Society of Australia Inc., Op Cit. p.6.
50
Claudio Bianchi, who works at the Center for the Study of Environmental Cancer, Italian
League against Cancer at the Hospital of Monfalcone, in Northern Italy. Bianchi would also
provide me with a paper written on an ex-Wittenoom worker — in Wittenoom between 1955
to 1958 — who had died in the mid 1980s from peritoneal, rather than pleural mesothelioma,
after his repatriation to Italy.
9
The first few email discussions with Dr Merler seemed
promising with regard to obtaining access to his interview transcripts of 130 ex-Wittenoom
workers. In the end, however, it proved too difficult; instead Merler gave me the names of 22
northern Italians who had gone to Wittenoom.
Many unexpected and serendipitous events led me to the Italian ex-Wittenoom
residents and workers in Italy and Perth, with some contacts originating from the most
unlikely of places in Melbourne too. To everyone with whom I spoke or met by chance, I
would bring the conversation around to my research. This would prove fruitful during the
three years of my fieldwork particularly in Perth. In Italy, during what turned out to be my only
trip, contacting the 22 men on the list yielded mixed results: about one third of the phone
numbers were disconnected; possibly due to the death of the person. One irate wife was
neither interested in my research nor her deceased husband: “Era un cafone!” she told me
and hung up.
10
Two of the surviving ex-miners were old, deaf and with failing memories.
Their daughters or wives explained they did not want to talk to me. Yet my persistence paid
off, as my phone calls and requests for an appointment led to meetings in their homes. Three
men were in the Valtellina, in northern Lombardy. The son of one of the first miners recruited
from the Seriana valley of Lombardy I located in Bergamo. He gave me my first contact in
Perth and a copy of a book which he had co-authored on the migration history of his
townspeople in Fino del Monte.
11
Another of the 22 ex-miners lived in Vermiglio, in the
Trentino Alto Adige. He had heard about Wittenoom from his uncle, Attilio Slanzi, who had
also worked there.
12
In the Veneto region I would make contact with the wife of a deceased
miner who had taken her and their two Australian-born little girls to Wittenoom. From the list
9
Pizzolitto, Barillari & De Cesare, Op Cit. pp. 57-70.
10
He was a cad! (In Australia we would call him a bastard).
11
Covelli et al, Op Cit.
12
Slanzi was mentioned in Hills Op Cit. Chapter 4.
51
of 22, I had made contact with four ex-miners and the wife and son of two other ex-miners
both of whom were deceased, but not from an asbestos-related disease.
The follow up trip to Italy did not eventuate. Realistically, to find more of the
repatriated Wittenoom Italians would have required my travelling the length of the peninsula
and into Sicily and I had neither the time which that would take nor the funds for such
fieldwork. It made more sense to channel my energies into Perth, where I could concentrate
the search on specific areas where two thirds of the Wittenoom Italians had settled and
where the question “Do you know of anyone who went to Wittenoom?” was more likely to
yield a positive response.
For my 2008 visit to Italy I had organized two bases from which to conduct my
fieldwork: Cesano Maderno, 30 minutes from Milan in the Lombardy region and Verona, one
of the main provincial cities of the Veneto region. Both are major centres linking the Italian
rail network in the north. It was in these two regions that most of the 22 workers on Merler’s
list were living, with the exception of one who lived in the neighbouring Trentino Alto Adige
region. My efforts to locate them commenced from the homes of my two generous hosts:
Emilia Pagani in Cesano Maderno and Bruna Farenzena in Verona; both friends I made
during my previous trips to Italy. Emilia was surprised to hear where my prospective
participants lived. She had a friend who often travelled to Vermiglio, in the Trentino Alto
Adige, while one of her sons travelled regularly for work to the Valtellina area of Lombardy,
the provenance of several of the repatriated Italians on my list. It was during my stay in
Vermiglio at the Albergo Milano that Monica Longhi, the daughter of the hotel’s owner told
me about the recorded history of Vermiglio written by the town’s retired teacher and former
mayor, Luigi Panizza.
13
Interestingly, there is only one sentence about the town’s residents
going to Western Australia, and yet nine of the town’s men, eight of whom had died of an
asbestos-related disease, had been recruited to go to Wittenoom.
14
Despite the many unexpected and serendipitous events which led me to other ex-
Wittenoom Italians, I nonetheless experienced moments of despondency, as some leads
13
Panizza, L. (2005), Vermiglio Ieri e Oggi (Trento: Nuove Arti Grafiche).
14
Hills, Op Cit. Chapter 4. I provided Prof. Panizza with an Italian translation of this chapter, which I
completed while in Vermiglio, Italy in November 2008.
52
came to nought. My research aim: to give the Wittenoom Italians a voice, motivated me to
continue. In Perth I wanted to speak with Dr Jim McNulty, who had played a key role in the
closure of Wittenoom and to Professor Bill Musk, an expert in the field of asbestos-related
diseases at Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital. I had written to McNulty requesting to speak with
him while in Perth, but had had no answer. I was hesitant to ring him, thinking he was not
interested. In the meantime, the name of another West Australian researcher, Criena
Fitzgerald, had been suggested to me. An email to her produced two resources: the
transcripts of interviews she had conducted with Dr. Jim McNulty in 2002 and the information
that Bill Musk was her husband and that I should “speak with Bill too when you come to
Perth”. I would meet both these men.
In July 2008, I also met John Gordon, now a barrister in Melbourne. He has played an
important role in obtaining damages for the Wittenoom asbestos victims. Gordon had been a
young law student when he first became involved with asbestos victims. He eventually
worked on the class action undertaken in Perth in 1989. In the course of telling me his story,
he mentioned Matt Peacock’s 1977 publication on asbestos and a book section he had co-
authored with Robert Vojakovic in 1995. Both proved informative reading, with more
information about CSR’s role in the Wittenoom tragedy and other asbestos topics.
15
In June
2011 I would visit John Gordon for a second time. He provided me with the information he
had regarding CSR’s proposed demerger process and what asbestos support organizations
were doing to ensure that CSR would provide funds for the damages claims of future
asbestos victims.
There is not enough space to recount all the events which led me to those who finally
participated in this research; I recount a few to illustrate their serendipitous nature. The leads
for Wittenoom workers came from the most unlikely contacts, even in Melbourne. In mid
2008 I was to have dinner with two friends, Kerri Stewart from my counselling training days
and Yolanda Pannuccio (of Italian origin) whom I had met through Kerri. As it turned out,
Yolanda had had to decline the invitation due to the arrival of her cousin, Saro Condo, from
15
Peacock, M. (1978), Asbestos - work as a health hazard (Sydney: Australian Broadcasting
Commission in association with Hodder and Stoughton). Vojakovic & Gordon, Op Cit.
53
Perth. I asked Kerri the obvious question: “Can you ask Yolanda if her cousin knows of any
Italians who went to Wittenoom?” A few days later, the came reply: “Yes, he does”. Yolanda
gave me her cousin’s phone number, with the invitation to ring him once I arrived in Perth in
November. This simple question led me to one of Perth’s most successful Italian
restaurateurs, Giacomo Bevacqua. He had gone to Wittenoom to work as a miner in the late
1950s and by the early 1960s was running Wittenoom’s Single Men’s mess with his wife.
In 2010 a chance meeting with Father Jo Dirks, the RMIT Roman Catholic chaplain
provided me with another lead. Thanks to his Perth-based sister I located the Island of Elba
Italians. From the story of the Island of Elba contacts who had arrived in Wittenoom in May
1951, I realized that the first Italians to go to Wittenoom were in fact among the Displaced
Persons sent to Wittenoom as part of the International Refugee Organization resettlement
plan in mid 1950. This was prior to the Seriana Valley miners of Lombardy who arrived in
Wittenoom in February 1951 (whom I located during my 2008 visit to Perth) and the
Vermiglio Italians (mentioned in Hills’ Blue Murder) who arrived in April of 1951.
16
My last contact in Italy, Severino Scandella, the son of one of the first Italian miners
recruited to Wittenoom, provided me with my first contact in Perth. He was another of the
Seriana Valley miners, Attilio Oprandi. Severino had told me that Oprandi had gone to
Wittenoom with his father, Evaristo Scandella, in the early 1950s. If anyone could tell me
about Wittenoom, it would be Attilio Oprandi, Severino had assured me. I would finally speak
with Attilio’s son, Frank (Francesco) because Attilio had passed away a few years earlier.
Frank explained that he personally had never been to Wittenoom. The person to speak to
was Lina Tagliaferri who had spent many years in Wittenoom with her family. She would
have lots of stories to tell. Her husband had been recruited along with Attilio Oprandi and
Evaristo Scandella. Frank gave me Lina Tagliaferri’s number. The call would lead to visits
with her in 2008 and again in 2009 and 2010. I would also speak with her daughter Maria
Scali. Lina eventually shared that she had only agreed to speak with me because I spoke
Italian and was a daughter of Italian migrants. The link with the Oprandi family had also held
some sway, as I would find out in 2009.
16
Hills, Op Cit.
54
At the Western Australian Royal Historical Society Office, during archival searches on
Wittenoom, I found several articles which mentioned an Italian couple, Umberto Favero and
Vera Yugolano.
17
From one article it was apparent they had stayed in Wittenoom until the
1990s. When I mentioned their names to Loretta Baldassar, she suggested I ask her father,
Angelo, about them. He was a member of the Laguna Italian club in Dianella and played
Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: |