Sightseeings of Uzbekistan Samarkand the Capital of Tamerlane

Sightseeings of Uzbekistan


Samarkand - the Capital of Tamerlane
Samarkand is situated in the valley of the river Zarafshan. It is the second largest city of Uzbekistan and is of the same age as the city of Babylon or Rome. The history of Samarkand is about 2,500 years old and has witnessed a lot of upheavals during the times of Alexander the Great, the Arabic Conquest, Genghis-Khan Conquest and lastly Tamerlane's. Hence, the culture of Samarkand was developed and mixed together with the Iranian, Indian, Mongolian and a bit of the Western and Eastern cultures. Majestic and beautiful city Samarkand has a marvelous and attractive power. Poets and historians of the past called it "Rome of the East, The beauty of sublunary countries, the pearl of the Eastern Muslim World". Its advantageous geographical position in Zarafshan valley put Samarkand to the first place among cities of Central Asia.
Over the history this legendary city on the Silk Road went through growths and decays, suffered from destroying invasions of foreign rulers, revived, becoming more beautiful. Trade routes to the west, to Persia, to the east, to China, to the south, to India, intersected here and formed intersections of the Silk Road.
Today Samarkand is the treasure of unique antiquity spirit. It is included in the UNESCO World Heritage List due to the abundance of material and spiritual values.
Unique monuments of ancient architecture, heritage of scientific and arts schools, workshops are well-known around the world.


2.Speaking. Answer the questions.
What other historical cities of Uzbekistan do you know?
Which of them have you ever visited?
What places of interest are mostly visited by tourists in our country every year?
What cities of the world are also included in the UNESCO World Heritage list?


Bukhara the Holy City

Bukhara is one of the most ancient cities of Uzbekistan, situated on a sacred hill, the place where sacrifices were made by fire-worshippers in springtime. This city was mentioned in a holy book "Avesto". Bukhara city is supposed to be founded in the 13th cent. B.C. during the reign of Siyavushids who came to power 980 years before Alexander the Great. The name of Bukhara originates from the word "vihara" which means "monastery" in Sanskrit. The city was once a large commercial center on the Great Silk Road.Bukhara lies west of Samarkand and was once a center of learning renowned throughout the Islamic world. It is the hometown of the great Sheikh BahautdinNakshbandi. It was a central figure in the development of the mystical Sufi approach to philosophy, religion and Islam. In Bukhara there are more than 350 mosques and 100 religious colleges. Its fortunes waxed and waned through succeeding empires until it became one of the great Central Asian Khanates in the 17th century.Bukhara with more than 140 architectural monuments is a "town museum" dating back to the Middle Ages. 2,300 years later, ensembles like the Poi-Kalon, Kos Madras, Ismail Samani Mausoleum and the Kalian Minaret are attracting a lot of attention. The city consists of narrow streets, green parks and gardens, historical and architectural monuments belong to the different epochs, but locate very close to each other.

has witnessed – guvohi bo`ldi- был свидетелем
upheavals-shafqatsizlik- потрясения
the Arabic Conquest-Arab bosqini- арабское завоевание
Hence-shu tariqa- следовательно
a marvelous – ajoyib- изумительный
attractive power-jozibador kuch- привлекательная сила
Rome of the East-Sharqning Rimi- Рим Востока
The beauty of sublunary countries-Oy ostidagi mamlakatlarning go'zalligi- Красота подлунных стран
Pearl of the Eastern Muslim World-Sharqiy musulmon dunyosining marvaridi- жемчужина восточного мусульманского мира
Its advantageous – Uning foydasi-его преимущество
geographical position -geografik joylashuvi- географическое положение
went through – uzra o`tdi- прошел через
growths-osishi`- рост
decays – parchalanishi- распады
suffered from – dan azob chekdi- страдал от
invasions of foreign rulers-xorijiy hukmdorlarning bosqini- вторжения иностранных правителей
revived-yangilandi, tiklandi- возродил
intersections of the Silk Road-Buyuk ipak yo'lining kesishuvlari- пересечения Шелкового пути
the treasure – xazina- сокровище
unique antiquity spirit – noyob qadimiy ruh- уникальный дух древности
due to – sababli- из-за
the abundance of material and spiritual values-moddiy va ma'naviy qadriyatlar ko'pligi- обилие материальных и духовных ценностей
a sacred hill-muqaddas tepalik- священный холм
sacrifices – qurbonlik- жертвы
fire-worshippers – olovga sig'inuvchilar- огнепоклонников
springtime- bahor- весна
city was mentioned – shahar haqida so'z yuritildi- город был упомянут
is supposed – taxmin qilinmoqda- должно быть
the reign – hukumat, hukumronlik- правление
originate – kelib chiqadi- происходить
the hometown - tug'ilgan shahar- родной город
a central figure -markaziy figuradir- центральная фигура
the development of the mystical Sufi – sirli so'fiylarning rivojlanishi- развитие мистического Суфизма
approach to philosophy – falsafaga yondashish- подход к философии
Its fortunes waxed – Uning boyliklari o`sdi- Его состояния росло
Waned – тугамоқ-уходило
succeeding empires –imperiyalar- последующие империи
dating back – dan boshlab- начиная
World Heritage List – Butunjahon merosi ro'yxati- Список всемирного наследия