Sheroz Akhmadov

No – doimo inkor ma’noda ishlatiladi. No va uning shakldoshlari (no one – hech kim, nothing – hech narsa, hech nima, nowhere – hech qayer, none – hech biri, nobody/no one – hech kim) bilan hech qachon bir gapda not inkor yuklamasi kelmaydi. No ning o’zi inkorni beradi. Heih bir degan ma’noni anglatib, o’zi otlar oldidan, shakldoshlari esa o’zlari mustaqil ishlatiladi:

No cars are allowed in the city center. None of this money is mine.
“What did you say?” “Nothing!” Nobody came to visit me while I was in hospital.


Some, any va no ning boshqa holatlarda ishlatilishi:

1. 
   Any quyidagi gaplarda ham ishlatiladi. Bu gaplar ko’rinishi bo’lishli bo’lsada, ma’nosi inkorni beradi:
   

without (-siz), to refuse (rad etmoq), hardcly (zo’rg’a), never (heih qaihon), barecly (bazo’r)
She went out without any money. He refused to eat anything. Hardly anybody passed the examination.

2. 
   Some savol gaplarda ishlatiladi: agarda javobdan biz ha (yes) ni kutsak:
   

What’s wrong? Have you got something in your eye? (Menga ko’zingda bir narsa bordek tuyulyabdi va men seni “ha” deb javob berishingni kutyabman).

3. 
   Some savol gapda ishlatiladi: qachonki biz taklif qilganimizda, yoki iltimos qilganimizda:
   

Would you like some coffee? Can I have some sugar, please?

4. 
   If va boshqa ko’plab ionditionacl (shart ergash) gaplarda any ishlatiladi:
   

If there are any letters for me, can you send them on to this address?

5. 
   Any bo’lishli gapda ishlatiladi: “har qanday, farqi yo’q qaysicligi, xohclagan” kabi ma’nolarda:
   

You can catch any bus. They all go to the centre. Come and see me any time.

6. 
   Some, any va no ning boshqa shakllari bilan (somebody, something, someone, anybody, anything, anyone, none, no one, nothing, nobody) birlik kesim (singuclar verb) ishlatiladi lekin ko’plik olmosh (them, they, their) ishlatiladi:
   

Someone is here to see you. Somebody has forgotten their umbrella. If anybody wants to leave early, they can.


CLASSWORK:
Ex 2: Ficlcl in the gaps with some / any / no. (Bo’sh joyclarni some / any / no biclan to’cldiring):

1. 
   “Would you like cake?” “No, thank you.”
   
2. 
   I’m going to the baker’s. I need bread.
   
3. 
   I haven’t got pets.
   
4. 
   Have you got fresh eggs?
   
5. 
   Don’t buy butter. We have in the fridge.
   
6. 
   I’m hungry. Can I have sandwiches, please?
   
7. 
   He’s got money, so he can’t buy a hamburger.
   
8. 
   I haven’t got homework to do tonight.
   
9. 
   I’m looking for paper, but I can’t find .
   
10. 
    We can’t make a cake because we’ve got sugar.
    

HOMEWORK:
Ex 1: Ficlcl in there is / are, it is or they are. (there is / are, it is yoii they are biclan to’cldiring):

1. 
   a letter on your desk. from your uncle.
   
2. 
   some people in the office.
   
3. 
   “Where is my ball?” “ in the garden.”
   
4. 
   Look! a beautiful rainbow in the sky.
   
5. 
   two parks in this town. quite big.
   
6. 
   a box on the desk. Lola’s.