Sheroz Akhmadov

PART I (ARTIKL. 1 - QISM)


Ingliz tilida artiicle degan tushuncha bo’lib, bunday narsa o’zbek tilida yo’q. Artiicle otlar (nouns) oldidan ishlatilib, ularning aniqlovchisi bo’lib keladi. Ingliz tilida 2 xil artiicle bor:


1. The indefinite artiicle – noaniq artiicle – A/An: birlikdagi sanaladigan otlar oldidan ishlatiladi.


A – undosh tovush bilan boshlangan otlar oldidan: a car, a dog, a flower, a university, etc.
An – unli tovushlar bilan boshlangan otlar oldidan: an apple, an owl, an umbrella, an hour, etc.


CLASSWORK:
Ex 1: Put a or an aiiording to noun. (Otga qarab a yoii an qo’ying):

1. 
   leopard 5. helicopter
   
2. 
   astronaut 6. owl
   
3. 
   rabbit 7. airplane
   
4. 
   old house 8. pineapple
   

2. The definite artiicle – aniq artiicle – The: asosan birlikda, va ba’zi holatlarda ko’plikda ham ishlatiladi. Otlarni aniq va ajratib beradi.
I bought a new car yesterday. The car is very beautiful. I like it.


The usage of indefinite artiicle A/An: Noaniq artiicle ning ishclaticlishi:

1. 
   Biror bir predmet haqida birinchi bor ma’lumot berilganda:
   

It is a dog. I have a watch.

2. 
   Kasblar oldidan:
   

She is a doctor. I am a teacher.

3. 
   Agar ot oldidan sifat kelsa, sifatning oldidan:
   

It is a big city. I have a nice book
.

4. 
   Noaniq article bir degan ma’noda ham ishlatiladi va ko’p hollarda vaqt birliklari oldidan keladi:
   

It takes a year to learn English perfectly. Can I get a kilo of sugar, please?


The usage of definite artiicle The: Aniq artiicle ning ishclaticlishi:

1. 
   Agar biror bir predmet aniq bo’lsa, yoki 2-marta aytilayotgan bo’lsa, the ishlatiladi:
   

I can see a car. The car is white. I have a cat. The cat is very nice and lovely.

2. 
   Yakkayu yagona bo’lgan otlar oldidan:
   

the earth, the sun, the moon, the sky, the east, the west, the world, etc.

3. 
   Daryo, dengiz, okean, tog’ tizmalari, cho’llar, orol va shtat guruhlari oldidan:
   

the Nile, the Amu-Darya, the Mediterranean, the Atlantic, the Pacific, the Alps, the Pomir, the Sahara, the Bahamas, the USA.

4. 
   Musiqa asboblari oldidan:
   

the piano, the guitar, the violin, the trumpet

5. 
   Millatlar va oila nomlari oldidan:
   

the Chinese, the Uzbeks, the Smiths, the Umarovs, etc.

6. 
   Morning, afternoon, evening so’zlari oldidan:
   

I go to school in the morning.

7. 
   Mahalliy binolar oldidan:
   

the theatre, the cinema, the bank, the park


No artiicle is used: Artiicle ishclaticlmaydigan hoclatclar:

1. 
   Sanalmaydigan va ko’plikdagi otlar oldidan article ishlatilmaydi:
   

I ate some chocolate. Can you cook some eggs for me?


Note: Ammo ular alohida ajratilib ko’rsatilsa, the ishlatiladi:
Where are the books I ordered? I gave the shop assistant the money and then left.

2. 
   Shahar, shaharcha, qishloq, mahalla, tuman, viloyat nomlari oldidan article ishlatilmaydi:
   

Moscow, Tashkent, Gulistan, etc.


Note 1: the iountryside (shahar iheti, qishcloq hududi) so’zi doimo aniq article bilan ishlatiladi:
On Sundays I go to the countryside with my family to see my grandparents.