Scientific ideas of young scientists | Pomysły naukowe młodych naukowców |
Научные идеи молодых ученых
107
November 2020
DICTIONARIES AS PRELIMINARY LEARNING TOOLS OF INDEPENDENT
LEARNERS
Ziyoda Mamatova,
Shohida Kurbanova
Teachers of Andijan State University
Abstract. The given article outlined a set of exercises for the purposeful formation of work skills with
reference literature on the example of a dictionary. The information that it is possible to isolate, when
working with a dictionary, language and speech actions that can be performed based on the
information received.
Key words: work with reference books, exercise groups, vocabulary article, independent educational
activity.
The independence of the modern student and pupils is the basis for the success of all his
educational activities. According to the SES (State Educational Standards)
of primary, basic
education and higher professional education, the subject of education must be able to carry out their
educational activities at all its stages, namely; set goals and achieve them; Independently acquire and
apply knowledge.
Make a plan of your actions and independently evaluate their implementation. When studying
a foreign language, independence
becomes even more important, since, as the well-known truth
sounds, language cannot be taught, language can just learn. The main share of independent activities
falls on performing homework, and, of course, students have difficulties with both vocabulary and
grammatical material. At the disposal are usually teaching materials (textbook and workbook) and a
bilingual dictionary. It is the ability to use a dictionary that can help solve many problems of a
language and speech nature, therefore, already in the first lessons of a foreign language education,
students should be taught how to work with a dictionary, how to find the necessary information, how
to check the correctness of assignments.
Lack of skills in working with reference literature causes additional difficulties when doing
homework,
situations often arise, when the examinee has a dictionary at his disposal, but the
respondent does not him as a possible support. Of course, the possibilities
of a bilingual lexical
dictionary are limited, so on at the initial stage, it will be advisable to include in the work educational
dictionaries containing grammar guides, but in the classical form the dictionary is very informative.
What can be found in a dictionary entry? These are the phonetic, lexical and grammatical aspects of
the lexical unit: translation of a word into a native/foreign language, belonging to a part of speech,
examples in the proposal, compatibility with other parts of speech, valence of the word (its control),
idiomatic expressions with a lexeme, synonymous options,
homonymous variants, variants of
meanings and their definitions, for nouns: gender, the way of forming the plural, in German the form
of the genitive case, if
there is a control of the noun, combinability with adjectives, for verbs:
belonging to strong / weak in German, correct / irregular in English, temporary forms of the verb, for
adjectives: forms of comparison, transcription of a word or part of it, stress in a word, division into
syllables, references to words with similar spelling,
spelling of the word and its forms,
Thus, enough information can be extracted from only one dictionary entry that will help to perform
a number of operations in the following groups:
1. correct spelling of a word and its hyphenation in the text;
2. word form formation;
3. understanding the word form through the formation of the initial form and the search for meaning;
4. selection of the desired word form according to the requirements of the context and valence.
Undoubtedly, the listed skills are not formed automatically; purposeful work is needed to teach these
actions. Often, teachers consider a special teaching is unimportant and they do not want to devote
time to this in the lesson, however, as practice shows, formed skills of working with the dictionary in
many respects save the subsequent time as in completing assignments in the lesson and at home.