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Table 1 (continuation)
Development Model
Development Model Description of the national model
In the telecommunications market, there is competition between a limited
number of almost equal in economic development "telecommunications
giants," whose activities are controlled by the state. The direct
participation of State authorities in the sphere of natural monopolies is
realized through the purchase of an appropriate share. The German model,
much similar to the American one in terms of the state's influence on the
development of the telecommunications sector, is significantly
supplemented by levers of direct economic control. The application of the
German
model
requires
a
long-term
development
of
the
telecommunications sector with the involvement of foreign investors.
French model
Franstelecom, which originally had the status of a monopolist with a state
participation of 27%, today has the right to recommend to participants in
the telecommunications market norms and rules that are not of a regulatory
nature, are not mandatory and are only taken into account by state bodies
when making regulatory decisions in the field of telecommunications
regulation.
According to the French government, the development of the
telecommunications market should be carried out in the field of interaction
between the private capital sector and government entities, and
Franstelecom is a "transitional link" providing this interaction. France
today has considerable experience in developing competition in
telecommunications. In Europe, the French telecommunications market
has a significant weight. Without a doubt, the process of liberalization has
borne fruit - lowering prices for all consumers and developing new
services. However, problems remain in the field of local communications,
where the current operator retains more than 90% of the market.
According to N.P. Reznikova, with whom it is difficult to disagree, the main
reasons for the emergence of different types of telecommunications markets in the USA
and Europe include the difference in the traditional role and form of state influence on
the economy in North America and Europe. If in the USA this impact is mainly indirect
through the tax system, tariff policy, rules for the technical operation of structures, a
developed system of legal acts (by the beginning of the 1970s, the national regulator
in the field of telecommunications FSS had more than 2000 rules and instructions),
then in Europe it is direct management of an enterprise wholly or partially owned by
the state.
Kazakhstan's entry into the global world information community should
correspond to the creation of a full-fledged and meeting all modern world requirements
of the telecommunications industry on the basis of an emerging democratic society.
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The state policy that ensures the telecommunication development of Kazakhstan
should provide for the implementation of three main areas that contribute to the early
transition to the information society:
- Socio-political direction (social, legal, psychological preparation of citizens for
living conditions in the information society): home computerization, development of
mass media, information security, international information cooperation, development
of telecommunications law;
- technical and technological direction (development of information and
communication infrastructure, creation of technological base): a single information
space, technologies, professional level of specialists;
- Economic direction: market of information tools, goods and services.
Of course, the general trends in the development of the telecommunications
industry in the world and the Republic of Kazakhstan are the same, however, there are
also specific differences due to some country characteristics, geographical location,
political conditions, etc. It should also be noted that the domestic telecommunications
market is characterized by uneven development of various segments, insufficient
investment to conduct full-scale telecommunications activities.
The development of the telecommunications market in Kazakhstan cannot be
considered in isolation from the general economic conditions in the country, in
connection with which it should be noted that the growth of the industry can be
facilitated by the stabilization of economic life, associated with an increase in the
solvency of the population, tax cuts, the provision of financial, customs and other
benefits in promising sectors of the economy, etc.
Competition, which has intensified with the arrival of alternative operators and
operators of departmental networks of the Ministry of Railways of Kazakhstan oriented
to the needs of the market in the Kazakhstan fixed communications network, negatively
affects the risks of traditional telecom operators. It is expected that in the near future
the share of traditional fixed-line operators in the market will gradually decrease.
Despite the fact that today traditional operators continue to dominate the
SCIENTIFIC COLLECTION «INTERCONF» | № 3(39)
198
telecommunications market in terms of the number of subscribers, alternative operators
have already overtaken them in terms of revenue.
Successful competition with alternative operators for subscribers forces
traditional operators to carry out internal restructuring in order to increase the
efficiency of production activities, improve management accounting, marketing,
personnel policy, etc.
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