Scientific Collection «InterConf», (39): with the Proceedings of the 8th International Scientific and Practical Conference «Science and Practice: Implementation to Modern Society» (December 26-28, 2020) at Manchester, Great Britain

 
Fig. 1. Living being (scheme) 
The vital activity of a living being is supported by the satisfaction of its needs - 
objective and subjective. To meet its needs, the creature creates and uses various objects, 
some of which are information objects, where the state of a material object (in statics or 
dynamics) forms its informational content - information. We will distinguish between 
living beings: the donor of information D and the recipient of information R. The 
information content of a material object can have a figurative or significative nature: 

the content is figurative when it is a reflection of the state of one material in the 
state of another material object or in the configuration of material objects; 

the content is significative when either the reflection or some configuration of 
material objects has, at least for the donor, some significance, that is, it is a “sign”. 
Perception
Actions
Reaction
Internal
Realty
External
Realty

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 SCIENCE AND PRACTICE: IMPLEMENTATION TO MODERN SOCIETY
667 
If we assume that the donor can give material objects a state only within the 
capabilities of his organs of action, and the recipient – to perceive the state of material 
objects only within the capabilities of his organs of senses, then so far it is information 
intended for direct perception by the recipient. Such information is intended to 
influence the recipient’s thinking. Distinguishing between figurative, emotional and 
rational thinking, we can characterize the relationships between the nature of 
informational content and the type of thinking – see Fig. 2. 
 
Fig. 2. Relationships between types of informational content and types of thinking 
The generalized scheme of the circulation of information in Nature is presented 
in Fig. 3. 
Information intended for direct perception by the recipient is denoted as In. The 
donor generates In based on a fragment of its internal reality ○D. To do this, he/she can 
use either his own organs of action, i.e. generate information naturally – Gn, or involve 
in this process artificial means (materials, tools) – Gn+a. The recipient perceives In 
either exclusively through his own organs of senses – Pn, or enhances their capabilities 
with additional artificial means – Pn+a. The result of perception is a change in a 
fragment of its internal reality ΔR. 
The recipient on the basis of ΔR can influence reality either naturally (by own 
reflective
significative
figurative
emotional
rational