Scientific Collection «InterConf», (39): with the Proceedings of the 8th International Scientific and Practical Conference «Science and Practice: Implementation to Modern Society» (December 26-28, 2020) at Manchester, Great Britain

EVOLUTION OF RELIGIOUS CONSCIOUSNESS: FROM ZOROASTRISM 
AND OTHER ETHNORELIGIOUS BELIEFS AND RELIGIONS TO ISLAM 
 
Abstract. The process of Islamization of the peoples of the region lasted for a long time 
and faced various socio-religious and socio-cultural problems. In other words, the 
interaction of the indigenous peoples of the region with the “new world” was rather 
contradictory and complex. On the one hand, this interaction contributed to the 
development of positive processes: the introduction of the peoples of the region to the 
achievements of world culture, the emergence of a new community and identity, 
introduction to new types of economic and economic development, which greatly 
facilitated their existence in harsh climatic conditions, etc. But, on the other hand, 
destructive processes prevailed in the ethnic environment on the territory of the region. 
Under the pressure of the large ethnopolitical and religious system, expressed in the 
pursuit of an Islamizing and Arabizing policy, often forcible Islamization, in replacing 
the traditional way of life and traditional crafts with a foreign cultural one, the 
traditional cultural and religious identity of these peoples was lost. 
Keywords: historiography, biography, nomenclature, annals, conquest, class, general 
historiography, Islamic sciences, Islamic culture, history, Tajik scholars, Yaqubi, 
Tabari, Narshahi, Balozuri, Masudi, Islamic history, Persian history, ancient 
historiography, ancient history. 
According to the famous Iranian researcher Abdul Hussein Zarrinkub “... the 
chronicle of Islam is one of the brightest periods in the history of mankind. This is the 

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result not only of the achievements of Muslims in creating a new world culture, but 
also the result of victories on the basis of which they created a new world. The world 
of Islam, which does not last for East and West, is really not accepted to be called either 
East or West ". [5] 
A natural question arises: how the population of Central Asia, known for its multi-
ethnicity and diversity, was able to perceive the worldview of Islam, to transform 
within the framework of the “new world culture”? According to Joe-Ann Gross, “the 
culture of Central Asia today is determined by its Turkic-Iranian heritage, although it 
should be recognized that most of the peoples of Central Asia were Turkized at a later 
historical stage. Islam penetrated here no later than the 8th century. in the process of 
Arab conquests of urban centers. The process of Islamization, which lasted for several 
centuries, was complex and diverse". [4, 147] 
It is known that this beginning of the state was laid in the 7th century, when stable 
tribal relations were still preserved among the Arabs, and only in the southern part of 
the Arabian Peninsula - in Yemen, which was considered a more developed region and 
was subordinate to Iran, new social relations began to develop. With regard to the 
religious life of the population of the Arabian Peninsula, despite the penetration of 
Christianity and Judaism here, pagan beliefs prevailed in most of the peninsula, which 
were in a state of deep moral and moral crisis. In turn, this situation paved the way for 
the formation of a single religious teaching.
The Prophet of Islam Muhammad was able, on the basis of a new religious 
teaching and as a result of many years of activity, to unite the Arab tribes, to form a 
strong centralized state, which had a noticeable influence not only on the further fate 
of the Arabs, but also on neighboring countries and peoples. 
After Muhammad realized his prophetic mission, he began to propagate his religious 
views and after moving to Medina, he began to send his representatives to neighboring 
countries with a call to recognize the new religion - Islam, and after the complete submission 
of Mecca in 630 he began to call for the spread of Islam. At the beginning of the emergence 
of Islam, after the entire Hejaz region fell under the influence of Muslims, the prophet faced 

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the task of spreading Islam throughout the Arabian Peninsula. The struggle against 
paganism and idolatry was also an important task. Establishing faith in one God became the 
main goal of the prophet. The fulfillment of this goal was not an easy matter and faced great 
difficulties, since, on the one hand, the Romans subjugated vast areas of the northwestern 
part of the Arabian Peninsula, and on the other hand, the southern, southwestern and eastern