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PECULIARITIES OF LABORATORY WORKING IN THE
EDUCATIONAL PROCESS
Alimjonov B.A., Ulashov S.R., TUIT
The laboratory class (lat labor-labor) is a form of a training session at which
students, under the guidance of a scientific and pedagogical worker, personally
conduct in-situ or imitation experiments to check and confirm certain theoretical
positions of the academic discipline, acquire practical skills in working with
laboratory equipment, computer technology, master the methodology of experimental
research in a specific subject area. Laboratory classes are conducted in specially
equipped laboratories, with the use of technology and measuring equipment.
Educational disciplines and interdisciplinary courses on which laboratory work
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and practical classes are planned, and their volumes are determined by curricula,
work programs of educational disciplines and professional modules.
When planning the composition and content of laboratory works and practical
exercises, one should precede from the fact that laboratory work and practical
exercises have different leading didactic goals.
The main didactic goal of laboratory works is:
• Experimental confirmation and verification of significant theoretical
positions, laws, dependencies;
• Formation of practical skills and habits of handling various devices,
installations, laboratory equipment, equipment, which can constitute a part of
professional practical training;
• Formation of research skills (observes, compare, analyze, establish
dependencies, draw conclusions and generalizations, independently conduct research,
formalize results).
When preparing for a laboratory lesson, it is necessary to study the theoretical
material that will be used in the course of performing laboratory work. It is necessary
to carefully read the methodological instruction (description) for laboratory work, to
plan the work plan, to prepare the necessary forms and tables for observation records.
The students perform laboratory work in order to:
• the formation of skills, practical experience in accordance with the
requirements for the results of the development of discipline, the professional module
and based on the list of competencies formed, the established work program of the
discipline or professional module;
• generalization, systematization, deepening, consolidation of received
theoretical knowledge;
• improving the skills to apply the knowledge gained in practice, realizing the
unity of intellectual and practical activities;
• development of intellectual skills in future specialists: analytical, design,
constructive, etc.;
• development of such professionally significant qualities as independence,
responsibility, accuracy, creative initiative when solving the tasks set.
Laboratory classes are conducted in specially equipped laboratories, with the
use of technology and measuring equipment.
When preparing for a laboratory lesson, it is necessary to study the theoretical
material that will be used in the course of performing laboratory work. It is necessary
to carefully read the methodological instruction (description) for laboratory work, to
plan the work plan, to prepare the necessary forms and tables for observation records.
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Directly performing laboratory work is sometimes preceded by a short survey of
students by the teacher to determine their readiness for employment. When
performing laboratory work, as a rule, the following operations are necessary:
•
preparation of equipment and devices, assembly of the circuit;
•
reproduction of the phenomenon (process) under study;
• measurement of physical quantities, determination of parameters and
characteristics;
• analysis, data processing and generalization of results.
A student who has a good theoretical background usually makes a report on the
work directly during the lesson. In the report, when analyzing the results of the work,
it is indicated which patterns are confirmed or revealed, what errors occur, what
caused the errors.
When defending the report, the teacher talks with the student, revealing the
depth of his understanding of the results. Laboratory work contributes to better
assimilation of program material, because in the course of their implementation many
calculation formulas that seemed abstract, become quite specific; reveals a lot of
details that contribute to an in-depth understanding of the discipline under study.
It is possible to get an excellent assessment only if the laboratory work is done
in full, is made according to all the requirements, and the student can answer all
additional questions.
But the main thing is that the teacher sees that the student understands the
given topic and has a full understanding of the actions taken earlier.
Students' Reflections on the Automated Laboratory
"The purpose of the lab is to teach us for future "real world". Therefore,
equipment should be more modern and it seems like we'll use the devices in the
future."
"Automation devices cut down the labor process, helped to the research…"
"Use of automated instruments has contributed to understanding the
experimental material"
"There is no problem with them and can be used"
"Using automated instruments helped in many implementations, shortened
the time and increased the efficiency of the process of experiment"
"Needs to improve, sometimes not working well"
"It was hard to understand, only after a detailed "It was hard to understand,
only after a detailed
"Automation makes the experiment more difficult to perform "
"Only facilitated the implementation of designs"
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"Contributed to the accurate results for all test and add to ease processes."
"Helped a lot, sometimes got stuck and made problems."
CONCLUSION
Our experience of creating simple affordable automated devices, their
integration with a data logging system and teaching automated laboratories indicates
the considerable potential of this technology for improving experiential chemistry
education in high schools. Application of the developed devices enables to save time
spent for performing manual operations and focus the laboratory on inquiry activities.
It also enables to raise the accuracy and safety of the experiments by eliminating
errors and incidents related to manual operations.
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