«сарайшық» мемлекеттік тарихи-мәдени музей-қорығы атырау облысы білім беру басқармасының Әдістемелік орталығЫ

Нәтижелерді практикалық қолдану салалары: 

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Биыл «Хан Ордалы Сарайшық» мұражай қорығына 20 жыл толады.Осыған 
орай өзіміздің Қ.Қарашаұлы атынлағы Сарайшық орта мектебінде кең көлемде 
конференция болды.Оған облыстан,ауданнан,шет елден қонақтар келіп, «Хан 
Ордалы Сарайшық» мұражай қорығының өткені мен бүгіні туралы құнды 
пікірлерін ортаға салды.Осы конференцияда «Әлемді таңқалдырған-Сарайшық» 
атты жұмысымды оқып,шет елдіктермен пікір алыстым. 
« …On the tenth day after departure 
from Sara we arrived to city of 
Saraijuk,where juk means “small”.They 
Thus wanted to express that it was a 
Small Sara…» 
Ibn Battuta 
 
Ruins of grand and famous town Saraijuk (modern name Saraichik)in old times 
remained in 50 km from modern town Atyrau. 
As the majority of other towns,Saraijuk was formed for management of areas of 
Zhoshy Ulus.Palaces and administrative buildings for nobility were constructed in 
town,and blocks of free people,merchants and handicraftsmen appeared around 
them.Probably,settlement existed there in the earliest period and there was convenient 
pass through Jaiyk River.Caravan route passed there from ancient times,in that 
picturesque place in endless steppe,on southern part of border between Europe and 
Asia.Town served as important staging point along Great Silk Road.Words of Arab 
traveler Ibn Battue,who visited Saraijuk in 1333-1334 year became long time ago,as 
reading words,like(Town is situated on the bank of a big,quick river,called Ulusu,what 
means(great water).There is bridge of boards,as bridge of Bagdad).Route which was 
going for directions there went from East,Urgench to Saraijuk.One direction was going 
along river to the North,another one was going through steppe to capitals of Sarai al- 
Makhrns and Sarai al-Djedid,and the third one was going along shore of Caspian sea to 
Khaji-Tarhan and then to Crimea.All of them were provided by caravan-sarays,wells 
and sources of pure water.The fourth direction was water route through Caspian Sea to 
Iran and Azerbaijan. 
It is clear, that ceramic sells came with caravans. 
Vessels were necessary a way and were intended for sale. Architecture of caravan 
sarays,numismatic material and ceramics, found there, show the 
Changes of political and economical centers of Ulus.These materials have been studied 
not enough yet to restore completely and objectively historical processes inside empire 
and its economical links with other world. 
Further it would be interesting to follow ways of spread of ceramics along 
caravan routes and to reveal centers of production,what will doubtless,light row of 

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poorly worked out problems together with other archaeological sources.These problems 
are connected with political,trade-economical life of Saraijuk,reflected general 
situation Zhoshy Ulus from time of its raising and up to its disintegration. 
History of town is following.Flint scrapers.stone pestle of Bronze epoch,arrow heads 
of Early Iron age had been found on different parts of town.in low layers of 
excavations. 
Fragmentary dwellings, cut by following constructions.dwellings of the XI- 
XII cc.and fragments of modeled black clay vessels of kipchak image were found 
during archaeological researches.In is not excluded,that on that part existed small town 
at that time,on which mentioned Osman chronist Khadj-Khalif.He informed that in the 
month of Yaik river was town S.van.dj,which earlier was capital of Kurnans and then 
it was built and settled by Nogays,whose khans lived there at that time 
(Trepavlov,2002.P.226).Probably,author called Kumans as population of Golden 
Horde time.Ceramics of the XII century has not been met anywhere in low parts of 
Jaiyk. 
Life of town is divided for four periods by imaginations existed now.The first 
period was at the beginning of town´s construction from middle of the XIII century 
up to beginning of Khan Uzbek rule,it means up to the year 1312. 
Utemish-khasji,secretary 
of 
Ilbars-khan(1512-1525 
years)in 
his 
work 
(Chingizname),telling about campaign of Berke-khan (1257-1266 years) against ilkhan 
of Iran Khulagu(1256-1265 years)noted.That (While he was going to Saraichik.500 
men gathered together around him.While passing Saraichik and reaching Idil river 
bank,one 
thousand 
five 
hundred 
men 
gathered 
together) 
(Utemish 
Khadsi,1992.P.97,99). Khiva ruler and historian Abulgazi Bahadur-khan (1644-1664 
years) informed on the existence of town: (…once Berke-khan went to Saraichik, 
established by his eldest brother. There he saw a big caravan,arrived from Bukhara…) 
(4buigazi,1996.P.99). 
The earliest coin found in low layers of site is still dirham of Mengu-Timur 
khan (1266-1282 years),coined in Ukek town on Volga River (sam 
ashev,Burnasheva,Bazylkhan,Flakhov,2006.P.82).Dirkhems of Toktagu-khan (1291- 
1313 years) are referred to the late XIII centuty. 
Construction of town was carried out not chaotically,but by single plan with 
account of traditions of nomadic town´s building.Traditions of towns of Low Volga 
region,Khoresm and Syrdaria were combined in architecture of houses,their inner 
interiors.Mostly houses were built of raw bricks and had 2-4 rooms in sizes 
In 20-30 minutes drive from the city of Atyrau, there is a unique state museum 
"Khan Ordali Saraychik" reserve .This tourists should come to this region and choose 
a time and visit this amazing place, before them the world of the Great Steppe history 
opens, full of secrets and mysteries. 
The Khan Ordali Sarayshyk Museum-Reserve was opened in 1999, on the basis 
of objects and exhibits collected by scientists for many years of archaeological 

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excavations. In addition to the museum itself, the museum complex includes the Khan 
Pantheon, as well as the ruins of buildings and remains of the fortress walls of the 
ancient city of Sarayshyk. 
In the museum you can see the reconstructed model of the city of Sarayshyk, it 
accurately reproduces the appearance of the city in the XIV century. Of great interest 
is the richest collection of exhibits collected by scientists during archaeological 
excavations. 
The collection details the everyday life of the townspeople for several centuries 
of the existence of the city of Sarayshyk. In addition to the museum, the complex 
includes the Khan Pantheon (author of the former Akim of Atyrau oblast, now Astana 
akim Imangali Tasmagambetov), which is an octagonal structure, 17 meters high. 
Between the walls of the pantheon there are monuments to seven khans, buried 
in Saraishyk. On the black marble are carved the names of khans and the dates of their 
reign. the famous Arab traveler Ibn Batuta wrote about the ancient city: "Saraishyk is 
the largest city in the world after Baghdad. In the center stands the Khan's palace, there 
are four mosques and many caravanserais. Around the city stands a fortified wall 11 
meters high, its thickness is four meters. But the most amazing thing is that there is 
water in every house. " 
Unfortunately, fate is not merciful to the ancient city and today, due to the 
change in the channel of the Ural River, the shore is washed up and the remains of the 
ruins of the ancient city go under the water. Repeated archaeological excavations 
carried out here allowed us to preserve the image of the ancient city and the everyday 
life of the townspeople, and visitors can get acquainted with all this by visiting the Khan 
Ordali Saraychik reserve museum. 
Foreign guests who came to the XX Anniversary Assembly of the Association 
of State Universities of the Caspian countries were invited to visit the unique state 
museum-reserve "Khan Ordaly Sarayshyk" to familiarize themselves with the history 
of our region. It is an amazing place, before the visitors the world of the history of the 
Great Steppe, full of secrets and mysteries . Saraishyk is also famous for the fact that 
seven Kazakh khans were buried there. 
First of all, the guests went to a place called "Pantheon of Khans", which is an 
octagonal structure, about 17 meters high. We inspected the structure of historical 
buildings and heard from the guide the legend of the "Holy Tree", which is located in 
the center of the monument of the Seven Khans. 
Also, our foreign guests were shown historical relics found during excavations 
of the ancient city of Sarayshyk. That they had an idea about this city, they showed a 
mock-up of an ancient city. Great interest was caused by the guests of the richest 
collection of exhibits collected by scientists during archaeological excavations. The 
collection details the everyday life of the townspeople for several centuries of the 
existence of the city of Sarayshyk. 

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Thus, the members of delegations, having received answers to their questions, 
plunged into the depths of the history of the ancient place and received a lot of vivid 
impressions.