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8. formaluri silogizmi da ekonomikuri sofistikis problema

formalur silogizmad miRebulia iwodebodes moZRvreba silogistikur msjelobebis (silogizmebze) sistemaze, romelic formaluri logikis wesebs emyareba. silogisturi msjelobebi Sedgeba sami terminisagan msjelobebis saxiT: ori wanamZRvari da erTi daskvna. es msjelobebi SeiZleba iyos, erTi mxriv, rogorc mtkicebulebiTi, aseve uaryofiTic, xolo meore mxriv,-an saerTo, an kerZo.

sabazo mtkicebulebaTa umravlesoba ekonomikur mecnierebaSi swor silogistikur daskvnebs efuZneba (magaliTad aseTi daskvnebis struqtura SeiZleba iyos Semdegi. pirveli wanamZRvari: Tuki qveyanaSi SeiniSneba fasebis zrdis zemaRali – weliwadSi 200%-ze maRli tempebi, maSin adgili aqvs hiperinflacias’’.

meore wanamZRvari: ,,ruseTSi 1992-1994 ww. SeiniSneboda weliwadSi fasebis 200%-ze maRali zrdis tempi.’’ Ddaskvna: maSasadame, ruseTSi 1992-1994 ww. adgili hqonda hiperinflacias.’’

aseTi msjelobani unda CaiTvalos elementarulad ekonomikuri codnisaTvis da maTi aTviseba Cveulebriv araviTar problemas ar Seadgens. xolo adamians, romlisTvisac orive wanamZRvari cnobilia, SeuZlia damoukideblad gaakeTos aqedan daskvna. miTumetes, formaluri silogizmis amocanaa - rogorc ekonomikuri, ise nebismieri mecnierebis, gaarkvios zusti pirobebi, roca ama Tu im wanamZRvridan rodis unda gaakeTos erTmniSvnelovani daskvna da rodis araa saWiro misi gakeTeba. ZiriTadi gza am amocanis gadasawyvetad Cvens mier ukve ganxilulia mecxre TavSi _ esaaa ekonomikuri codnis formalizacia da maTematizacia, aseve misi aqsiomizacia (ix. Ame-9 Tavis bolo ganyofileba).

formaluri logikis da, pirvel rigSi, silogistikuri msjelobebis meTodis wesebis Segnebuli darRveva egreTwodebuli sofistikis iaraRia. sofistika SeiZleba ganimartos rogorc sofizmis gamoyeneba davaSi an mtkicebulebebSi, xolo sofizmi Cven adre vuwodeT msjelobas, romelic efuZneboda wanamZRvrebsa da Teziss Soris kavSiris araswor gamoyenebas Tanamosaubris Segnebulad dabnevis mizniT.

me-5 TavSi Cven ukve miveciT ekonomikuri sofistikis gansaRvreba.

Eekonomikuri sofistika _ esaa sameurneo movlenebsa da faqtebze msjelobebSi formaluri ligikis wesebis gamiznulad darRveva raime dabneulobis mizniT.

Eekonomikuri sofistika Tanamosaubris an auditoriis mosatyueblad sxvadasxva wesebs iyenebs: esaa Tezisis Secvla erTi da igive terminiT, mtkicebulebebis sxvadasxva azriT gamoxatva da gaumarTlebeli gadasvla kerZo msjelobidan zogadze da a.S. magram yvela am wesma SeiZleba STabeWdileba Seuqmnas ekonomikurad (an, ukeTesia iTqvas, profesionalurad) moumzadebel auditorias. profesionali ekonomisti ki, rogorc wesi advilad ,,isrutavs’’ aseT wesebs da yovelTvis mowodebulia sakadrisi pasuxi gasces mas.

9. ekonomikuri paradoqsebi

termins ,,paradoqsi’’ ori ZiriTadi mniSvneloba aqvs: jer erTi, am sityvis sruli mniSvnelobiT, paradoqsi esaa raRaca jansaRi azris sawinaaRmdego; meore, filosofiur-logikuri gagebiT paradoqsi esaa formalur-logikuri winaaRmdegoba, romelic warmoiSoba formalur logikasa da simravlis TeoriaSi msjelobis swori msvlelobis mTlianad SenarCunebis dros. paradoqsis erT-erTi saxea e.w. antinomia _ msjelobis msvlelobisas or erTnairad dasabuTebuli, magram imav dros urTierTsawinaaRmdego gamonaTqvamebis gamoCena.

paradoqsebis warmoSobis mizezebi SeiZleba daiyos or jgufad: 1) saerTo gnoseologiuri da logikuri siZneleebi, romelic dakavSirebulia formaluri logikis sagnobrivi mxaris cnebasTan. abstraqtuli cnebebi da obieqtebis gaidealeba, simravlis maTematikuri Teoriebis winaaRmdegobani; 2) Sida SemecnebiTi procesebisa da movlenebis realuri ,,winaaRmdegobebi’’, romlebic dakavSirebulia Semecnebis procesis calmxrivobasTan da sqematurobasTan, aseve sxvadasxva SemecnebiTi doneebis aRreva.

Eekonomikur paradoqss Cven vuwodebT paradoqss, romelic Tavisi ama Tu im sagnobrivi mxridan ayalibebs ekonomikur mecnierebas. maTi mizezebi, principSi, igivea, rac zemoT iqna naTqvami: ekonomikuri Semecnebis an formalur-logikuri winaaRmdegoba, an TviT sameurneo procesebisa da movlenebis SigniT obieqturi winaaRmdegoba.

moviyvanoT ramdenime cnobili ekonomikuri paradoqsebis magaliTi. cxadia isini msoflio nobelis laureatebis - morisis, ales, vasil leontievis da keneti erous reflesiis nayofia.

ales paradoqsi miekuTvneba ekonomikur agentebis sameurneo gadawyvetilebebis arCevis sferos. m. alemde iTvleboda, rom nebismieri ekonomikuri agenti (mewarme, daqiravebuli muSa da a.S.) Tavis sameurneo saqmianobaSi amodis maqsimalurad mosalodneli sargeblianobis principidan. Mmagram frangma mecnierma daamtkica, rom sinamdvileSi aseTi agenti ufro met SemTxvevaSi maqsimalur sargeblianobaze metad maqsimalur sandoobas amjobinebs.

Lleontievis paradoqsi - esaa paradoqsi, romelic dakavSirebulia xekSer-ulinis Teoremis uaryofasTan, romelic amtkicebda, rom Tavis sagareo vaWrobis struqturaSi TiToeulma qveyanam saWiroa gaitanos saqoneli, romelTa warmoeba mocemul qveyanaSi arsebuli resursebis SedarebiT ufro dabal xarjs moiTxovs. magaliTad, aSS-i Tanamedrove epoqaSi saWiroa kapitaltevad produqciis eqsporti da Sromatevadi produqciis importi. Mmagram leontievma mocemul Teoremaze dayrdnobiT da ekonomistTa ,,jansaRi azris’’ gaTvaliswinebiT aCvena, rom SemdgomSi (mraval mizezTa gamo) situacia pirdapir sapirispiroa: maRalganviTarebuli qveyanas (aSS-s tipis) gaaqvs Sroma da Semoaqvs kapitali.

errous paradoqsi miekuTvneba egreTwodebul sazogadoebrivi arCevanis Teoriis sferos da amtkicebs, rom arCevanis sazogadoebrivma funqciam, romelic individualur upiratesobebsa da TviT sazogadoebriv arCevans Soris kavSirs gamoxatavs, gardamavlobis oTx pirobas unda upasuxos: universaluroba, erTxmianoba, damoukidebloba, diqtatoris ararseboba, magram yvela es pirobebi, Tuki maT ganvixilavT rogorc socialuri maqsimumis miRwevis pirobas, aRmoCndeba SeuTavsebeli erTmaneTTan.

bunebrivia, rom am sami paradoqsiT ekonomikuri mecnierebebis ,,paradoqsTa simdidre’’ ar amoiwureba. maTi Seswavla Zalian sasargebloa, radgan paradoqsebi anviTareben azrovnebis arastandartulobas da kritikulobas, ukve dadgenil ekonomikuri mecnierebis aqsiomebsa da kanonebs.

10. hipoTeza da hipoTezuri deduqciuri meTodi ekonomikur mecnierebaSi

hipoTeza SeiZleba ganisazRvros rogorc varaudi, romelic ar SeiZleba bolomde marTebulad miviCniT; mecnieruli hipoTeza gulisxmobs raime faqtebisa da movlenis arsebobas, droTa viTarebaSi is gardaiqmneba Teoriad. am gagebiT, nebismieri hipoTeza gvevlineba Teoriis ,,nairsaxeobad’’, romladac droTa viTarebaSi SeiZleba gardaiqmnas Teoriad _ an damoukideblad, an sxva hipoTezebTan urTierTqmedebaSi.

hipoTezis Semowmebis ramdenime ZiriTadi wesi arsebobs da yvela isini SeiZleba Sefasebul iqnas ekonomistebis mier adre wamoyenebuli hipoTezebis gaTvaliswinebiT. axali hipoTeza ukve cnobil faqts ar unda ewinaaRmdegebodes; axali hipoTeza unda miiswrafvodes axsnas axali faqtebis maqsimalurad SesaZlo ricxvi; axali hipoTeza unda iyos Semowmebuli; axali hipoTeza SeZlebisdagvarad martivi unda iyos.

hipoTezis ramdenime ZiriTadi saxe arsebobs: samuSao (savaraudo) hipoTeza, hipoTeza ad hoc (mocemuli SemTxvevisTvis), samodelo hipoTeza; hipoTeza aseve SeiZleba iyos codnis mxareebis mixedviT: politikuri, filosofiuri, fsiqologiuri, sociologiuri, ekonomikuri da a.S.

ekonomikur hipoTezas SemdgomSi Cven vuwodebT hipoTezas, romelsac iyenebs ekonomikuri mecniereba, an sxvanairad, hipoTezas, romelsac iyeneben ekonomistebi ama Tu im sameurneo faqtTan Tu movlenasTan dakavSirebiT.

ekonomikur kvlevebSi gansakuTrebuli gavrceleba hpova samodelo hipoTezebma.

ekonomikur mecnierebaSi samodelo hipoTezebi esaa ekonomikur-maTematikuri modelebi. Mmsgavsi saxis hipoTezebis damaxasiaTebeli niSania is, rom maTma daskvnebma ormagi Semowmeba unda gaiaron _ modelis Sesabamisobis da samodelo obieqtis Sesabamisobis TvalsazrisiT.

ekonomikuri hipoTeza ekonomikuri codnis mniSvnelovani elementia da amave dros ekonomikur mecnierebaSi hipoTetur-deduqciuri meTodis Semadgeneli nawilia.

hipoTetur-deduqciuri meTodi ekonomikur mecnierebaSi esaa meTodologiuri wesebis sistema, romelic gulisxmobs ekonomikuri hipoTezebidan empiriulad Semowmebuli Sedegebis deduqcirebas.