service of the Roman Republic
(Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1972).
30. Harris,
War and Imperialism
, pp. 9–53.
31. Beard, M.,
The Roman Triumph
(Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press,
2007).
32. e.g. Loomba, A.,
Colonialism/Postcolonialism
(London & New York:
Routledge, 1998), pp. 5–10;
Bush, B.,
Imperialism and Postcolonialism
(Harlow: Pearson, 2006), pp. 48–50.
33. Robinson, R., ‘Non-European foundations of European imperialism: sketch
for a theory of collaboration’, in Owen, R. & Sutcliffe, R. (eds),
Studies in
the Theory of Imperialism
(London: Longman, 1972), pp. 117–40; discussed
by Mommsen, W.J.,
Theories of Imperialism
, trans. Falla, P.S. (London:
Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1981), pp. 70–112.
34. cf. Mommsen, W.J., ‘The end of empire and the continuity of imperialism’, in
Mommsen, W.J. & Osterhammel, J. (eds),
Imperialism and After: continuities
and discontinuities
(London: Allen & Unwin, 1986), pp. 333–58.
35. Doyle,
Empires
, pp. 88–92; Eckstein, ‘Conceptualising’.
36. How, W.W. & Leigh, H.D.,
A History of Rome to the Death of Caesar
(London, New York & Bombay: Longmans, Green & Co., 1896), p. 235.
37. e.g. Bender, P., ‘The New Rome’, in Bacevich, A.J. (ed.),
The Imperial Tense:
prospects and problems of American empire
(Chicago, IL: Ivan R. Dee, 2003),
pp. 81–92; Ferguson, N.,
Colossus: the price of America’s empire
(London:
Penguin, 2004); Lal, D.,
In Praise of Empire: globalization and order
(New
York & Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2004). For a critique of such
arguments, see Mooers, C., ‘Nostalgia for empire: revising imperial history
for American power’, in Mooers, C. (ed.),
The New Imperialists: ideologies
of empire
(Oxford: Oneworld, 2006), pp. 111–35.
38. Epitomised by Waltz, K.,
Theory of International Politics
(Reading, MA &
London: Addison-Wesley, 1979); a brief but clear summary, and discussion
of its application to Rome, in Eckstein, ‘Conceptualizing’, pp. 577–80.
39. cf. Doyle,
Empires
, pp. 125–7.
40. Excellent summary in Beard, M. & Crawford, M.,
Rome in the Late Republic:
problems and interpretations
(London: Duckworth, 2nd edn, 1999), pp. 12–24.
41. Ibid., pp. 53–5.
42. This section is heavily indebted to the ideas of Rosenstein, N.,
Rome at War:
farms, families and death in the Middle Republic
(Chapel Hill, NC: University
of North Carolina Press, 2004).
43. Hopkins, K., ‘The political economy of the Roman empire’, in Morris &
Scheidel (eds),
Dynamics of Ancient Empires
, pp. 178–204.
44. Rich, J., ‘The supposed manpower shortage of the lated second century BC’,
Historia
, 1983 (32), pp. 287–331.
45. Hopkins, K.,
Conquerors and Slaves: sociological studies in Roman history
I
(Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1978), pp. 1–78; de Ligt, L. &
Northwood, S. (eds),
People, Land and Politics: demographic developments
and the transformation of Roman Italy, 300 BC – AD 14
(Leiden: Brill, 2008).
46. Rosenstein,
Rome at War.
47. Morley, N.,
Metropolis and Hinterland: the city of Rome and the Italian
economy, 200 BC – AD 200
(Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1996).
48. Cornell, T.J., ‘The end of Roman imperial expansion’, in Rich & Shipley (eds),
War and Society
, pp. 139–70.
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ThE roman EmpIrE
chapTEr 2
1. See the account of Palmerston, Gladstone and Disraeli in Vance, N.,
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