Recent scientific investigation


particles by a bubble and separating them. [1, PP. 161-166]. The analysis



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particles by a bubble and separating them. [1, PP. 161-166]. The analysis 
of the results of studying the flotation properties of the separated minerals, 
the distribution of metals and minerals by narrow size classes in samples of 
disseminated and massive pyrite ores, in flotation products obtained under 
laboratory and industrial conditions is carried out. It has been confirmed that 
with an increase in the fineness of grinding of ore material, the opening of 
ore minerals improves. [2, PP. 21-28]. 
The flotation beneficiation process is quite efficient and economical, 
but it has its operational features that affect the quality and cost of the resulting 
beneficiated material. In particular: the need to maintain a continuous, uniform 
supply of the initial pulp and discharge of the foam and chamber product, 
to ensure sufficiently intensive mixing of the pulp to maintain the mineral 
particles in suspension and contact with air bubbles and to ensure optimal 
aeration of the pulp and the dispersion of air into small bubbles with their 
uniform distribution over the entire volume of the pulp. 
Also, this is the use of expensive reagents, which affects the economic 
component of the process. Since not all valuable components of the ore have 
sufficient hydrophobicity for extraction, and elements of waste rock, in contrast 
to valuable components, on the contrary, can have more pronounced 
hydrophobicity, it is the addition of reagents that allows the flotation mode 
to be ensured. Reagents are the substances that increase or decrease the 
hydrophobic/hydrophilic properties of particles. Depending on their properties, 
reagents are divided into the following categories: 
Collectors are the substances that are sorbed on the surface of the metal, 
which must be removed from the solution (converted into foam). 
Regulators have the opposite effect and vice versa increase the hydrophilic 
properties of individual particles, as a result of which, the latter become 
incapable of flotation. 
Foaming agents stabilize mineralized foams. 
Activator reagents are the reagents that create conditions conducive 
to the fixation of collectors on the surface of minerals. 
Depressant reagents are the reagents used to prevent the hydrophobization 
of minerals by collectors. They are designed to increase the selectivity 
(selectivity) of flotation when separating minerals with similar flotation 
properties [3]. 
In the process of studying enrichment technologies by flotation 
and cavitation, I concluded some similarities in the processes of both methods 
[4 P. 210-217].
The possibility of using cavitation processes in the technology of ore 
processing and beneficiation is considered today by many scientists in all ore 
processing processes. There are several patented developments. As an example, 


16 
we can cite the Patent ‘A method for grinding refractory ores and a cavitation 
disperser for its implementation’ [5]. 
The integration of the cavitation process into the flotation process, 
considered in the dissertation of the candidate of technical sciences Gabets S.V. 
back in 1999, also speaks for the similarity of the processes of flotation and 
cavitation [6]. 
But it should be noted that, despite their similarity, these methods have 
some significant differences, which make it possible to assert that the method 
of ore beneficiation using cavitation is simpler and less costly than flotation 
beneficiation. What are the significant differences? 
The specificity of the technological chain based on the use of a cavitation 
machine: division of ore into 3 segments at once: ferrous metal concentrate, 
non-ferrous metal concentrate, and sand, which is in demand in the construction 
industry (Figure 1). The flotation machine in the enrichment process works 
only for the enrichment of one segment of the feedstock (Figure 2). 

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