TEST 21
READING
IELTS 5 Practice Tests, Academic Set 5
Page 128
READING
READING PASSAGE 1
You should spend about 20 minutes on
Questions 1 - 13
, which are based on Reading Passage 1 below.
The Australian Salt-water Crocodile
Paragraph A
The salt-water crocodile is the largest species of crocodile and the largest living reptile in the world.
They are found from India, throughout southeast Asia
and New Guinea, across to northern Australia,
Vanuatu and the Solomon Islands. They are most commonly seen in tidal reaches, as this usually gives
them the combination of safety and significant access to food.
In spite of their name, salt-water
crocodiles also occur in freshwater lagoons, rivers, and swamps hundreds of kilometres inland from the
coast.
Paragraph B
Adult males are on average 5 metres long and weigh more than 450 kilograms,
whereas females are
much smaller, generally around 3 metres long and up to 150 kilograms. There are uncommon records
of male salt-water crocodiles reaching more than 7 metres in length and 1000 kilograms in weight. The
upper body is grey,
brown or almost black above, with irregular darker mottling;
they are generally
whitish on the underside. The snout of an adult is broad and granular; the distance from the tip to the
centre of the eyes is less than twice the width of the head at eye level. The tail is highly muscular and is
the main propulsion mechanism used in the water. Juveniles are generally pale tan in colour,
with black
stripes and spots on the body and tail.
Paragraph C
The wet season is the time that the salt-water crocodile nests. Courtship occurs 4 to 6 weeks before
nesting and continues through the nesting period. Large males control a territory through aggression,
and consequently fertilise most reproductively active females within it. During courting,
the females
approach the males and an elaborate process of swimming together, body contact and rubbing
follows. The salt-water crocodile is a
mound nester, preferring areas with tall vegetation and
permanent water close by. One clutch with an average of 52 to 60 eggs is laid per season. Eggs are
ovoid in shape and measure approximately 8 centimetres in length, 5 centimetres in width and weigh
113 grams. Incubation time varies between 65 and 114 days, with the adult female remaining nearby
to defend the nest throughout this period. The temperature of the
nest is determined by heat
generated within the nest and the external ambient temperature, and this is important as the
temperature of the nest determines the sex of the hatchlings. Males are produced between 31 to 33
degrees Celsius and females dominate the ratios above and below these temperatures.
Once the eggs
hatch, the adult female excavates the nest after hearing the calls of the hatchlings and carries them to
the water.