Qatar Economic Outlook 2021 - 2023
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unskilled and semi-skilled workers, as some
economic activities
were halted because of
the measures to combat covid-19, and
economic activities that require such
categories of
employment have also been
completed.
Box 2-3: Historical turning points in the structure of the economy and the workforce
The State of Qatar witnessed during (2006 – 2020) five economic development events that had a
very significant impact on the country’s economic and social structures: (1) increasing the production
and export of liquefied natural gas, which rose from 27 million tons in 2006 to 82 million tons in 2011,
and the subsequent export of an average of about 77 million tons since then, compounded by the
development of manufacturing industries
utilizing gas inputs, (2) the adoption of the comprehensive
development vision "Qatar National Vision 2030" by Emiri Resolution No. (44) of 2008, which was
followed by a wide range of strategies that have been and are being prepared at the national level,
many of which are directed at economic activities, (3) Qatar won the bid to host the 2022 World Cup
in accordance with the FIFA decision on December 2, 2010, which was followed by the formation of
the Supreme Committee for Delivery and Legacy having the aim of implementing the necessary
infrastructure projects for hosting the tournament, such as sports facilities, hotels, tourist resorts, and
transport infrastructure from airports and ports, and including plans for roads, metros, and others, (4)
the positive consequences of the measures undertaken to counter the negative effects of the 2017-
2020 blockade, which helped the Qatari economy positively in terms of increasing local production of
many food commodities and pushing the Qatari economy to become more independent in air and
sea transport, new shipping lines, and export and import ports, (5) the repercussions of containment
measures of COVID-19 on people’s livelihood during the period 2020-2021.
One of the most important results of these developments is the significant increase in the nation’s
population, rising as it did from 0.74 million people in the 2004 census to 2.846 million people in the
2020 census, a cumulative growth rate of about 283%. Most of the population increase came from
the increase
in the expatriate workforce, which rose from 0.39 million workers in the 2004 census to
1.2 million workers in the 2010 census, then rose again to 1.94 million in the 2020 census, at a
cumulative growth rate of 210% and 61%, respectively. These increases in
the expatriate workforce
are twofold: first, the contribution of low-skilled and unskilled labor rose by 170 percentage points,
while skilled and high-skilled labor rose by 40 percentage points during the period 2004-2010 and
then by 25 percentage points for unskilled and by 36 percentage points for skilled labor during the
period 2010-2020, as shown in Figure (1).
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