(yidiska)
t o v u s h i bilan;
sh
to v u s h in i
s
(sapka)
to v u s h i b ilan ,
j
to v u sh in i
z, d
b ilan
(zuda, duda).
Olti-yetti yoshli bola nutqi h a r t o m o n l a m a t o l i q ta k o m illa s h ib
bo'ladi. A m m o ayrim boialar nutqi yctarli d arajada ravon boM m ay-
di. M asa la n ,
sh, j , r
tovushlarini b u z ib talaffuz etadilar;
s
to v u s h in i
y u m s h o q
sh
t o v u sh i bilan
{soat
—
sh oat), z
tovu sh in i y u m s h o q
j
tovushi b ila n
{zanjir — janjir)
a l m a s h ti r a d il a r .
2 - § . N u t q n i n g t o v u s h m a d a n i y a t i g a d o i r
i s h l a r n i n g v a z ifa la ri
N u t q n i n g t o v u s h m a d a n i y a t i n i t a r b i y a l a s h o n a t i l i d a g i
t o v u s h la rn in g a n iq artikulatsiyasini, u l a r n i t o lg l ri talaffuz e t i s h n i ,
s o ‘z va j u m l a l a r n i t o ‘g ‘ri va a n iq t a l a í f u z i n i , t o ‘g kri nafas o lish v a
c h iq a r ish n i, s h u n i n g d c k , yetarli balan d lik d ag i o v o z n i, odatdagi
n u t q s u r 'a t i n i , if o d a l il i k n i, i n to n a ts iy a v o s it a l a r i n i ( m a n t i q i y
p a u z a la r, u r g ‘u, n u t q n i n g ritm i va t e m p i , x u s h o h a n g lik ) shakl-
la n tirishni o kzid a m u ja s s a m la n tira d i. N u t q n i n g to v u s h m a d a n iy a ti
yaxshi riv ojlangan n u t q n i eshitish qobiliyati a so sid a s hakllana di
v a rivojlanadi. B o l a l a r d a t o ‘g ‘ri, j a r a n g d o r n u t q n i rivojlantirish
bilan b ir q a t o r d a , t a r b i y a c h i quyidagi v az ifalarn i hal etishi kerak:
1. B o la la rd a n u t q n i e sh itish q o b iliy a tin i v a u n i n g asosiy
k o m p o n e n t l a r i n i : e s h i t u v d iq q a tin i (e shitish orq a li u yoki bu
t o v u sh n i va u n i n g y o 'n a l i s h i n i a niqlash m a la k a si) , fo n e m a t ik
esh itish n i, t e m p v a r i t m n i idrok etish q o b iliy a tin i tarbiyalash.
2. A rtik u latsiy a a p p a r a t i n i rivojlantirish.
3. T o ‘g ‘ri n a fa s o lish va c h iqarish u s t i d a ishlash, y a 'n i qisqa
n afas olib, u z u n h a v o o q i m i n i c h iqarish q o b iliy a tin i tarbiyalash.
Bu ju m la la r n i e r k in ta la f fu z qilish i m k o n in i beradi.
4. M u l o q o t s h a r tl a r i g a m o s ravishda o v o z balandligini b o s h -
q a r a olish q o b iliy a tin i tarbiyalash.
5. O n a tilidagi h a m m a tovushlarni t o kg ‘ri talaffuz etish ni
s h a k lla n tiris h .
6. H a r b i r t o v u s h , s o ‘z va j u m l a l a r n i n g a n i q , r a v s h a n
talaffuzini s h a k l l a n ti r i s h , y a 'n i ravon g a p iris h n i tarbiyalash.
7. 0 ‘zbek a d a b iy tilining orfoepiya qoidalari (talablari) asosida
s o lz la r talaffu zin i riv o jlan tirish .
8. N u t q n i n g o d a t d a g i (n o r m a l) t e m p i n i sh ak llan tirish , y a 'n i
s o ‘z va j u m l a l a r n i o ‘r t a c h a t e m p d a ( n u t q n i t e z l a t m a y h a m ,
s e k in la s h tirm a y h a m ) tinglovc hila rga u n i a n i q idrok qilishlari
u c h u n im k o n iy a t y a r a t g a n h o ld a g apirishga o ‘rgatish.
9. N u t q n i n g i n t o n a t s i o n ifodaliligini ta rb iy a la sh , y a ’ni m a n
tiqiy panz a, u r g ku , x u s h o h a n g l i k , te m p , ritm va t e m b r y o r d a m id a
h is -tu y g ‘u larini v a k a y f iy a tin i, fikrlarini a n i q ifodalash q o b ili
y a tin i tarbiyalash. T a r b iy a c h i n u tq n in g asosiy buzilishlari t o ‘g ‘-
risid a t a s a v v u r g a c g a b o ‘lishi kerak. M a s a l a n , d u d u q l a n i s h ,
m i n g ‘irla b ( m a n q a l a n i b ) g a p i r i s h . Bu t a r b i y a c h i l a r g a n u t q
buzilishini o g o h l a n t i r i s h va u n i n g oldini o lish, bolani m u ta x a s -
sis — lo g o p ed g a y u b o r i s h l a r i u c h u n za ru rd ir.
„ B o la la r b o g ‘c h a s i d a t a ’lim -tarbiya d a s t u r i “ d a y uqorida bayon
e tilg a n vazifalar h a r b i r yosh g u ru h id a u l a r n i n g yoshi va ruhiy
ho latlarin i h iso b g a o i g a n h o l d a bayon etilg an . ( „ B o l a l a r b o g ‘c h a -
lari u c h u n d a s t u r l a r “ . T e v a r a k - a t r o f , b a d i i y a d a b i y o t b ila n
ta n ish tirish , n u t q o ‘stirish.
T . , l 9 9 2 - y . , 4 - 5 , 1 2 , 2 3 - betlar.)
N u t q s h a k lla n is h in in g b o s h l a n g ‘ich d a v r i d a n u tq n i esliitish
qobiliyati a so siy k o m p o n e n t l a r i n i n g riv o jla n is h i b ir m e ’y o r d a
( b ir t e k is d a ) k e c h m a y d i . N u t q r i v o j l a n i s h i n i n g b o s h l a n g ' i c h
d a v rid a b o l a l a r n in g e shituv d iq q a tin i riv o jla n tiris h g a k atta c ’t i b o r
b e r ila d i. B o l a l a r o v o z n i n g o 'z g a r i s h i n i d a r r o v p a y q a b o l i s h
(b a la n d t o n d a b e r ilg a n ja v o b g a yigMaydilar, s a m i m iy , x u s h o h a n g
t o n g a jilm a y ib q o 'y a d il a r ) , o v o z n i n g t e m p i n i (o n a s in in g va y a q i n
k is h ila rning o v o z i n i ) h a m d a s o ‘z n i n g r i t m i k h o latin i ( s o kz n i n g
tovush t a r k ib in i, b o kg ‘in m i q d o r i n i ) t o ‘g ‘ri id ro k etisb, s h u -
n ingdek, n u t q t e m p i n i b o sh q a ra olish q o b iliy a tig a egadirlar. N u t q
r i v o j l a n i s h i n i n g k e y in g i d a v r l a r i d a f o n e m a t i k ( t o v u s h l a r n i )
esh itu v n i, y a ’ni b i r to v u sh n i ik k in ch i b i r t o v u s h d a n a n i q fa rq la y
olish (ajrata o lis h ) qobiliyatini s h a k l l a n t i r i s h k a tta rol o 'y n a y d i .
Bu boialarni ay rin i so 'z la rn i bilib o lishga v a t u s h u n ish g a o ‘rg a ta d i.
Y ax sh i r i v o j l a n g a n e s h i t u v d i q q a t i o n a tilid a g i h a m m a
to v u sh la rn i a n i q , ravshan va t o kg ‘ri talatTuz etilishini t a ’m i n l a y d i ,
s o 'z n in g aytilish b a la n d lig in i t o 'g 'r i b o s h q a r i s h o ‘rta c h a s u r ’a t d a ,
ifodali va m a z m u n l i gapirish i m k o n in i b e r a d i . N u t q n i e s h i t i s h n i
rivojlantirish artikulatsiya ap p a ra ti a ’z o l a r i n i n g h arakati j a r a y o n i d a
vujudga k elad ig a n sezgining rivojlanishi b i l a n m u s t a h k a m b o g ‘-
liqdir. T a r b iy a c h i b o la la r d a e shituv i d r o k i n i rivojlantirish u c h u n
jara n g d o rlig i j i h a t d a n yaqin va u z o q b o ' l g a n to v u s h la rn i va t o
vush b i rik m a la rin i eshitish orqali fa rq q ilish g a o 'r g a ta d i. M a -
salan, t a rb iy a c h i tu rli to v u sh b i r ik m a l a r i n i ta la ffu z e tadi, b o l a l a r
esa n i m a n i n g ( k im n in g ) o v ozini e s h it a y o tg a n l i k l a r in i a y ta d ila r .
E s h i t u v i d r o k i n i ri v o j l a n ti r i s h j a r a y o n i d a t a r b i y a c h i b o l a l a r
d iq q a tin i b i r xil to v u sh la r, to v u s h b i r i k m a l a r i , s o ‘z va j u m l a l a r
b ala n d va past, t e z va sckin talaffuz etilishi m um k in lig ig a q a r a t a d i.
T o v u s h la rn i, to v u s h b irik m alarin i, s o kz va j u m la la r n i n g t a l a f -
fuzini, balandligini va tezligini ajratishga o krgatish u c h u n ta rb iy a c h i
bolalarga turli t o p i s h m o q l a r beradi. B o la la r b o l g 'a c h a bilan b a l a n d
va past (ta r b iy a c h i t o ksiq o r q a s id a n t u r i b b o l g ‘a c h a bilan t u rli
b a la n d lik d a t a q i lla ta d i), q a ttiq va s e k in t a q illa tis h m u m k in l ig in i ,
k a tta s o a tla r s e k in , k ich k in a s o a tla r e sa t e z (ta rb iy a c h i h a r xil
tezlikda , ,c h i q - c h i q k\ , ,c h iq -c h iq kk d e b ta la f fu z eta d i) c h iq illa s h in i
bilib oladilar. B o la la r eshitgan to v u sh b i r i k m a l a r i n i turli t e z l i k d a
tak ro rla y d ila r.
N u tq tovu sh lari o g ‘iz b o ‘shlig‘ida shak llan a d i. O g'izning shakli
v a hajm i a r ti k u la t s iy a a 'z o la ri (lablar, til, pastki j a g 4, y u m s h o q
tanglay) h a r a k a t i n i n g h o latiga b o g l i q b o l a d i . T ovu sh larn i talaiTuz
e tish d a n u t q a ’z o l a r i n i n g t o lg ‘ri holati va h a ra k a ti artikulatsiya
d e b ataiadi. A r tik u la ts iy a a ppa rati tuzilishining buzilishi (m a sa la n ,
til y u g a n c h a s i n i n g kaltaligi, yuqorigi va pastki tish la rn in g bir-
biriga jip s la s h m a s lig i, ta n g la y n in g h a d d a n ta s h q a r i yuqori yoki
past jo y lash g an lig i v a h o k a z o la r) tovush talaffu zin in g n o t o ‘g ‘ri
shak llan ish ig a s a b a b b o 'l a d i g a n o m i ll a r d a n biridir. Biroq b o la la r
artikulatsiya a p p a r a t i a ’zo larin in g t o ‘g kri h ara k a tla n ish ig a , e s hituv
d i q q a tin in g y ax sh i rivojlanganligiga q a r a m a y , tovush talaffuzida
k a m c h i l i k l a r m a v j u d b o l a d i . B o l a d a a r t i k u l a t s i y a a p p a r a t i
h a r a k a tin in g ta k o m illa sh g a n lig i (tilning k a m harak atch a n lig i) h a m
t o v u s h n in g n o t o ‘g ‘ri talaffuz etilishiga s a b a b b o ‘ladi. S h u n in g
u c h u n t a r b iy a c h i o l d i d a quyidagi v a z if a l a r tu ra d i: I) tiln in g
h a r a k a tc h a n lig in i rivojlan tirish (tilni k e n g va t o r qilish, keng
tilni pastki tish o r q a s i d a ushlab tu rish , yu q o rig i tishlar orqasiga
k o ' t a r i s h , o g ' i z i c h k a r i s i g a , o r q a g a s u r i s h va h o k a z o l a r ) ;
2) lab larn in g h a r a k a t i n i rivojlantirish (la b la rn i o ldinga c h o ' z a
olishga, d u m a l o q h o l g a keltirishga, ji lm a y i s h holatiga kcltirish,
pastki lab b ila n y u q o r i g i oldingi tis h la r o ra !ig ‘ida tirqish hosil
qilish; 3) pastki j a g ‘ni m a ’lum holatda ush lab turishni rivojlantirish.
3. N afas olish va chiqarishni rivojlantirish ustida ishlash
N u t q t o v u s h l a r i hosil qilishning m a n b a y i — bu o ‘p k a d a n
c h i q a y o t g a n u z u n h a v o o q i m i n i n g k e k i r d a k , h iq ild o q , o g ‘iz
b o ‘shlig‘i yoki b u r u n b o ‘shlig‘i orqali
0
‘tishi hisoblanadi. N afas
n u tq t e x n ik a s in in g m u h i m qism idir.
N afas o v o z v a n u t q n i tinglovchiga y e tk a z ish , ov o z k u chini
tashkil etish vositasidir. B olaning nafas olishi q a n c h a yaxshi bo'lsa,
ovozi h a m , n u t q i h a m shu q a d a r j a r a n g d o r va kuchli b o 'la d i.
C h i n iq q a n va m a s h q qilin g a n nafas j u m l a l a r n i m a n t iq a n yaxlit.
o 'z a r o uzviy bogMiq h o l d a talaffuz e tis h d a m u h i m rol o 'y n a y d i.
N u t q j a r a y o n i d a n a f a s olish va c h iq a r ish n u tq siz nafas o lish d a n
farq qiladi. N u t q s i z nafas olishda havo o q i m i b u r u n orqali olin ad i
va ch iq arila d i. N u t q s i z nafas olishda b u r u n orqali o lin a d ig a n va
c h iq a r ila d ig a n h a v o o q i m i n i n g davom iyligi b i r xilda, y a 'n i t e n g
b o l a d i .
154
N u t q j a r a y o n i d a nafas o g ’iz o rq a li o l in ib . nafas olish t e z
b o 'la d í, nafas c h i q a r is h esa s e k in la s h a d i. N u t q s i z nafasda n a f a s
o lis h d a n s o 'n g te z n afas c h i q a r i ü b . s o ‘n g p a u z a qilin a d i. N u t q i y
nafasda esa nafas o lis h d a n s o ‘ng p a u z a q i l in i b , k eyin b ir te k isd a
nafas c h iq a rila d i. N u t q d a t o ‘g ‘r¡ n a fa s o lis h va c h iq a r ish t o ‘g kri
tovush talaffuzini t a ’m i n la y d i , kerakli b o 'l g a n n u t q b a la n d iig in i
t u tib turish u c h u n sharoit y a r a ta d i, a n i q p a u z a g a rioya q ilish n i,
n u tq n in g b ir te k is d a b o 'lish in i va u n i n g i n t o n a s i o n ifodaliligini
t a 'm i n l a y d i . N u t q j a r a y o n i d a nafas o lish v a c h i q a r is h n i n g b u z i -
lishi s a b a b la r i b u o r g a n i z m n i n g u m u m i y k u c h s i z l a n i s h i d a n
( d a r m o n s iz l a n i s h i) , y u r a k - t o m i r kasa llik lari va h o k a z o la rd ir.
B u n d a y h o ll a r d a bolafar s o ‘zlarni t o ‘liq a y to lm a y d ila r, oxirgi
ju m la la r n i p ic h irla b talaffuz etadilar. B a 'z a n b u n d a y b o la la r u z u n
ju m la la r n i n afas o lis h vaq tid a tu g a lla s h g a m a j b u r boMadilar, b u -
ning natijasida n u t q n o á n iq b o kladi. N a f a s c h i q a r i s h n i n g q is q a
boMishi b o la la r n i m a n t iq iy p a u z a la rg a a m a l q i lm a s d a n , sh o s h ilib
gapiríshga m a jb u r qiJadi. S h u n in g u c h u n tarb iy a ch i oldida quyidagi
v a z if a l a r t u r a d i : 1) m a x s u s o ‘y in m a s h q l a r i d a n f o y d a l a n i b ,
e r k in , tekis, u z u n h av o o q i m i n i h o s il q ilis h ; 2) t a r b i y a c h i -
p e d a g o g n u tq ig a ta q l i d qilish o rq a li n a f a s d a n t o ‘g ‘ri, o 'r i n l i
fo y d a la n is h g a ( b i r nafas c h i q a r i s h d a u n c h a k a t t a b o ‘l m a g a n
j u m la la r n i a y tish g a ) o ‘rgatish.
4. Ovoz ustida ishlash
O voz a p p a ra ti y o rd a m id a balandligi, k u c h i, te m b ri j i h a t d a n
liar xil b o klgan to v u s h la rn in g y i g l n d is i d a n kishi ovozi belgilanadi.
O v o z
b a l a n d l i g i — t o n n i b a l a n d l a ti s h va p astlatish ,
b a la n d o v o z d a n p a st o vozga , past o v o z d a n b a l a n d o v o zg a o ‘tish.
O v o z
k u c h i - to v u s h la rn i m a ’l u m b i r b a l a n d lik d a
( b a l a n d — o d a t d a g i b a l a n d l i k — p a s t ) , s h u n i n g d e k , t o ‘ Iiq
j a r a n g d o r ta la ffu z e tis h m alakasi.
O v o z t e m b r i — o v o z n i n g sifati (jara ngli, t i tr o q ,
jara ngsiz , s o 'n i q v a h o k az o la r).
O v o z — o v o z n a y c h a la rin in g t e b r a n i s h i n atijasida v u ju d g a
keladi. U n i n g sifati nafas, o v o z b o ‘l i m l a r i n i n g a rtik u la tsiy a si
a p p a r a t l a r i n i n g h a m k o r l ik d a ish lash larig a b o g 'liq . Y u q o ri n a f a s
y o l l a r i n i n g liar xil kasalliklari, d o i m iy t u m o v , a d e n o id l a r v a
h o k a z o la r o v o z b u zilishlariga sab a b b o ‘ladi. K o ‘p c h ilik b o la la r d a
o v o z d a n n o t o kg ‘ri fo y d a la n is h s ab a b li o v o z b u z ilis h la ri k e l i b
chiqadi.
C h u n o n c h i : o v o z p a y c h a ia rin in g t a r a n g boMishi, n u t q n i n g
h a r d o i m b a l a n d b o l i s h i , ay n iq s a, h a v o sov u q vaq tlard a baqirib
gapirish, o v o z t o n i d a n n o t o kg ‘ri fo y d a la n ish , bola yoshiga m os
b o l m a g a n o v o z d i a p a z o n i d a n fo y d a la n ish (m a s a la n , b o la n in g
u z o q v a q t g a c h a k i c h k i n a b o la n u tq ig a ta q lid qilib yoki j u d a past
o v o z d a g a p iris h i). S h u n i n g d e k , o v o z n in g buzilishi h a lq u m n in g
yoki y u q o ri n a f a s y o ‘llarining kasalliklari b ila n o g ‘rigan b o la la rd a
h a m v u ju d g a kelish i m u m k i n . O voz im k o n iy a tl a r i d a n n o t o ‘g ‘ri
f o y d a l a n i s h b o l a s h a x s i n i n g x u s u s i y a t l a r i ( h a d d a n t a s h q a r i
u y a t c h a n b o l a d o i m o past o h a n g d a g a p ira d i; te z q o ‘z g ‘a lad ig a n ,
j a h l d o r b o l a l a r b a l a n d o h a n g d a ( t o n d a ) g a p i r a d i ) , n o t o ‘g ‘ri
tarbiyalash b i l a n ( a tr o fd a g ila rn in g o 'z la r i b o la g a d o i m o b ala n d
o h a n g d a g i t o n d a g a p iris h a d i v a b u n g a b o la n i o krgatib q o ‘yadi)
b o g ‘liq. A g a r x o n a d o i m o sh o v q in -s u ro n b o ‘lib tursa, bu bolan in g
b a la n d , t a r a n g l a s h g a n o v o z to n i d a g a p iris h g a m a jb u r b o l i s h i
bilan h a m b o g ‘liq b o ‘ladi. Y u q o rid a g ila rn i hisobga o igan h olda
t a rb iy a c h i o l d i d a q u y id a g i vazifalar tu ra d i: 1)
o ‘yin va o ‘yin
m a s h q l a r i d a o v o z n i n g a so siy sifatlari: k u c h i va b a la n d lig in i
rivojlantirish; 2) b o l a la r n i k u c h a n m a s d a n , turli vaziyatlarga q a r a b
o v o z d a n t o kg ‘ri f o y d a la n is h g a ( p a s t- b a la n d ) o ‘rgatish.
5. O n a tilidagi barch a tovushlarni to*g‘ri talaffuz
etishni shakllantirish
O n a t i l i d a g i b a r c h a t o v u s h l a r n i t o ‘g ‘ri t a l a f f u z e t i s h n i
s h a k l l a n t i r i s h d a m a k t a b g a c h a t a rb iy a y o s h i e n g q u l a y y o s h
h iso b lan ad i. B o la la r b o g ‘c h a s id a o n a tilidagi tovushlarni talaffuz
etish ishlari t u g a l l a n is h i kerak. A gar b o l a l a r d a n u tq ap p a ra ti
a ’z o l a r i n i n g h a r a k a t i y e ta r li d a r a j a d a riv o jla n g a n b o ‘lib, b i r
h a r a k a t d a n ik k in c h i h a ra k a tg a t e z o ‘ta o la d ig a n , n u tq d a nafas
olish va c h i q a r is h t o ‘g kri rivojlangan b o l i b , o ‘z ovozini b o s h q a r a
olish m alakasi hosil b o klsagina, t o v u s h la rn i t o ‘g ‘ri talaffuz etish
sh a k lla n g a n b o 'l a d i . T o ‘g kri to v u sh talaffu zin i o kzlashtirish u c h u n
n u tq eshitish a ’z o la r i yaxshi rivojlangan b o l i s h i kerak, c h u n k i
bu h o la t o ‘z - o kz in i n a z o r a t qilishni t a 'm i n l a y d i , o kzini tekshirish
esa h a r d o i m t o v u s h talaffuzini ta k o m illa s h tiris h g a olib boradi.
N u t q a p p a r a t i n i n g n u q s o n la r i (qattiq va y u m s h o q tanglay n in g
yorilishi, t i s h la r tu z il is h in i n g notekisligi, til osti y u g a n c h a s in in g
kaltaligi va h o k a z o la r ) , artikulatsiya a p p a r a t i n i n g yetarli d a ra ja d a
h a r a k a tla n m a s lig i, f o n e m a t i k e s h itu v n in g rivojlanm aganligi (bir
to v u sh n i ik k in c h i b i r t o v u s h d a n ajrata o lm a slik ) tovush talaf-
fu z ining b u zilis h ig a olib b o ra d i. O ' z n u t q i g a c 'tib o rsiz lik b i l a n
q a r a s h ( o ' z i n i n g va b o s h q a l a r n i n g n u t q i n i tin g la y o l m a s l i k ) ,
e s h i t i s h q o b i l i y a t i n i n g p a s a y i s h i , a t r o f d a g i l a r n i n g n o t o ' g ' r i
nutq lari to v u s h talafTuzidagi n u q s o n l a r g a s a b a b b o 'lishi m u m k i n .
B o l a l a r t o m o n i d a n t o v u s h l a r n i n o t o ‘g*ri t a l a f f u z e t i s h n i n g
belgilari quyidagilar: ayrim t o v u s h la rn i ta s h l a b aytish; b ir t o v u s h n i
ikkinchi b i r to v u s h bilan a i m a s h t i r i s h ; to v u s h n i n o a n i q — b u z i b
talaffuz etish va h okaz ola rdir. A y n iq s a , to v u sh la rn i bir-b iri b i l a n
a lm a s h tirib h a m d a buzib talaffuz c t a d i g a n b o la la r bilan i s h l a s h n i
o ' z vaqtida b o sh la sh kerak. c h u n k i to v u s h l a r n i alm ash tirib talaft'uz
ctish kclgusida b o la n in g y o z m a n u t q i g a h a m t a 's i r etishi ( b i r
to v u sh n i ik k in c h i b ir tovush b ilan a l m a s h t i r i b y o z a d i) m u m k i n ,
t o v u s h l a r n i b u z i b , n o a n iq t a l a f f u z e t i s h va uni o ‘z v a q t i d a
t u z a tm a slik bu n u q so n larn i b a r t a r a f e ti s h u c h u n kelgusida k a t t a
k u c h va u z o q vaqt sarf e tish n i t a l a b c ta d i. B u n d a n t a s h q a r i .
niaxsus d a v o la s h va o 'r g a n is h n i t a l a b c t u v c h i n u i q n i n g o g ' i r
n u q s o n l a r i ( a l a l i y a , d i z a r t r i y a v a h o k a z o l a r ) h a m t o v u s h
talaffu zin in g buzilishiga sab a b b o 'l a d i .
M a n a s h u to m o n la r n i h isobga o i g a n tarb iy a ch i q u y id a g i ish
vazifalarini a m alg a oshirishi kerak: l) b o la la r n i h a m m a to v u s h la rn i
s o 'z n in g b o s h i d a ,
0
‘rtasida va o x i r i d a t o ‘g ‘ri talaffuz e tish g a o ‘ r-
gatish: 2) s o 'z l a r n i , tovushlarni t o ' g ' r i ta la f fu z etishga o 'r g a t i s h :
3) bola n u tq id a g i n u q so n larn i o ‘z v a q t i d a a n iq la sh va, z a r u r
bo*lsa, o ‘z v a q tid a maxsus b o la l a r m u a s s a sa la rig a y o l l a s h .
6. Ravon gapirish (d ik siy a) ustida ishlash
B o lalarda ra v o n gapirish, y a 'n i h a r b ir t o v u s h n i, s h u n i n g -
d ek , s o ‘z va ju m la la r n i aniq talaffu z c ti s h a rtikulatsiya a p p a m t i
a ’zolari is h in in g rivojlanishi va ta k o m i ll a s h is h i bilan b ir v a q t d a
shak llan a d i. R a v o n gapirish u s t id a is h la sh o n a tilidagi b a r c h a
tov u sh larn i t o ‘g ‘ri talaffuz etish n i s h a k l la n ti r i s h bilan m u s l a h k a m
bogMiqdir. R a v o n gapirish ( d ik s iy a ) n u t q to v u sh la rin i t o ' g ' r i
talaffuz etish m e 'y o r id ir. 2 y o s h d a n 6 y o s h g a c h a b o l g a n b o l a l a r
n u tq in in g liar t o m o n l a m a tez riv o jla n is h in i hisobga olib, b o l a l a r
t o m o n i d a n s o ‘z va ju m la la rn i a n i q va r a v sh a n talatTuz e t i s h g a
diq q atn i q a r a tish zarur. B olalarda r a v o n gap irish ni t a r b i y a la s h d a
ju m la la rd a g i s o 'z l a m i h a m d a s o ‘z la r d a g i h a m m a to v u s h la rn i a n i q
talaffuz ctib, sekin sur'atdagi n u t q q a ta q l id qilish orqali e ris h ila d i.
B iro q ravon g a p i ris h g a l i a m m a vaqt h a m ta q iid qilish orqali
erishib b o l m a y d i . B u n g a eshitish a ’zo larin in g h a m d a artikuiatsiya
a p p a ra ti a ’z o la r i n in g y a x s h i rivojlanm aganligi, o ‘z in in g o vozidan
t o ‘g ‘ri f o y d a la n a o lm a s lig i t o ‘siq boMishi m u m k i n .
K o ‘p in c h a d i q q a t i b e q a r o r , tez q o ‘zg‘a l u v c h a n , bosh q alarn in g
n u t q i g a q u l o q s o l m a y d i g a n , o ‘z - o ‘zini b o s h q a r a o l m a y d i g a n
b o l a l a r ravon g a p i r a o lm a y d i la r . B u n d ay b o l a l a r n in g n u tq i yetarli
darajad a a n iq b o ‘lm a y d i, u la r h a r doim h a m s o 'z n in g va j u m la n in g
oxirin i a n iq ta la f f u z e t m a y d i l a r . A t r o f d a g i la r n i n g va o ‘zining
n u t q i n i n a z o ra t q ilis h , n u t q d a nafas olish va c h iq a r ish n i rivoj-
l a n t i r i s h , a r t i k u i a t s i y a a p p a r a t i a ’z o la r i h a r a k a t i n i t a k o m i l -
lashtirish, o kz o v o z i d a n t o ‘g ‘ri foyd a la n ish g a o ‘rganish natijasida
b o l a n i n g ra v o n g a p i r i s h i (diksiyasi) y ax s h ila n a d i.
7. O rfo epiy a ustida ¡shlash
K ishilar b i r - b i r la r i n i
tu sh u n ish la ri u c h u n u la rn in g o g ‘zaki
n u tq i b ir xilda b o 'l i s h i k erak . K o ‘p i n c h a b o l a l a r o ‘z n u tq la rid a
m a h a l l i y ( s h e v a ) s o ' z l a r n i is h l a t a d i la r , u r g ' u l a r n i n o t o ‘g ‘ri
q o ‘l l a y d i l a r , o d d i y s o ‘z l a s h u v d a g i ( a d a b i y o t til q o i d a s i g a
k irm a y d ig a n ) s o ‘z l a r d a n fo y d a la n ad ilar. T a r b iy a c h i h a r d o im
b o la la rn i s o ‘zlarni a d a b i y til qoidalari a so sid a talaffuz etishlarini
n a z o r a t qilib b o ris h i v a o ‘z vaqtida u l a r n in g xatosini t o ‘g ‘rilashi
( t o ‘g ‘ri t a l a f f u z n a m u n a s i n i a y t i b b e r i s h a s o s i d a ) k e r a k .
T a r b iy a c h i n in g a s o s iy vazifasi bo lalard a o n a tilin in g orfoepiya
q o id a la rig a m o s m a d a n i y talaffuzni ta k o m illa s h tiris h d a n iboratdir.
B u n i n g u c h u n u m a s h g ‘u l o t g a t a y y o r l a n i s h v a q t i d a t u r li
q o l l a n m a l a r d a n , l u g ‘a t l a r d a n
foydalanishi kerak.
8. N u tq tem pi ( s u r ’ati) ustida ishlash
N u t q te m p i ( s u r ’a ti) d e g a n d a m a 'l u m v aq t ichidagi n u tq
tezligi t u s h u n i l a d i . M a k t a b g a c h a ta r b i y a y o s h id a g i b o la la r d a
sekinlashgan s u r’a t d a g a p irish d a n ko‘ra tezla shgan s u r'a td a gapirish
hollari k o ‘p u c h r a y d i . Bu esa n u tq n in g a n iq , b u rr o b o l i s h ig a
sa lb iy t a ’sir e t a d i , t o v u s h l a r a r tik u la ts iy a s i b u z i l a d i , b a ’z a n
a l o h i d a t o v u s h la r , b o ‘g ‘i n l a r va h a t t o s o ‘z l a r tu s h ib q o la d i.
S h u n i n g u c h u n t a r b i y a c h i n i n g asosiy vazifasi b o la la r nutqidagi
s o ‘z l a r n i n g a n i q , j a r a n g d o r l i g i g a t a ’s ir e t u v e h i n u t q s u r ’ati
m o ‘tadil ( o ‘r t a c h a ) b o llishi ustida is h la s h d a n iboratdir.
9. I n t o n a t s i o n m a ’n o d o rlik (ifodalilik)
u stid a ishlash
Intonatsiya — b u o v o zn in g nu tq , to v u s h d o i ra s id a va m u a y y a n
v aq t birligi d a v o m i d a tu rlic h a t o v l a n i s h i d a n iborat. In to n a ts iy a
d e g a n d a , n u t q to v u sh i tarkibidagi o h a n g d o r l i k va jilo tu sh u n ila d i.
In to n a tsiy a c h i n a k a m e m o ts io n a l h o l a t n i n g m a h s u li b o l i b , u
s o ‘z lo v c h in in g x o h is h i, irodasi, niyati, in tilish i, ru h iy k e c h in m a s i
kabi o m illa r b ila n , y a ’ni s o 'z lo v c h in i n g j i s m o n i y va ruhiy h o la ti
b ila n b o g l i q .
In to n a ts iy a — b u h a m m a m a ’n o d o r l ik v o sita la rin i o ‘z ichiga
q a m r a b o igan m u r a k k a b m a j m u a (yaxlitlik).
O h a n g d o r l i k — j u m l a l a r n i t a l a f f u z e t i s h v a q t i d a o v o z n i
b a la n d la tis h y oki p astlatish. U n u t q q a t u r l i c h a o h a n g b e r a d i
(k uylovcha n, y u m s h o q , yoqim li va b o s h q a l a r ) va b ir xillikka y o ‘l
q o 'y n ia y d i.
O h a n g d o r l ik n u t q n i n g h a r b ir s o ‘z id a m a v ju d b o ‘lib, k u c h i,
b alandligi j i h a t d a n o ‘zgarib turadi:
T e m p ( s u r 'a t ) — m a z m u n i g a q a r a b n u t q n i n g tezlashishi yoki
sc k in la sh ish i.
Ritm — u r g ‘uli v a u rg ‘usiz b o ‘g ‘i n l a r n i n g t e n g t a rz d a n a v b a t-
lashib turishi ( y a ’ni u la rn in g quyidagi sifatlari: uzunligi va q is-
qaligi, ovo zn i b a la n d la tis h va p astlatish).
J u m l a u r g ' u l a r i va m a n t i q i y u r g ‘u l a r — i f o d a l a n a y o t g a n
m a z m u n g a q a r a b a lo h id a s o 'z l a r ( m a n t i q i y u r g 'u ) yoki g u r u h
s o 'z la r n i ( ju m la u r g 'u la r i ) p a u z a la r, o v o z t o n i n i b a la n d la ti s h
b ila n ajratib, u z o q v a katta ku ch b ila n t a l a f í u z etishdir.
N u tq t e m b r i — s o ‘z l a r n i n g t o v l a n i s h i , e m o t s i o n a l h o l a t n i
(q a y g 'u li, x a f a q o n , q u v n o q va h o k a z o la r ) an g la ta d i.
M a ’n o d o r l i k n i n g u sh b u vositalari y o r d a m i d a fikrlar tu g a l-
l a n i s h i , a y t i l g a n f i k r n i n g a s o s i y m a z m u n i o ‘z g a r i s h i , u
q o ‘s h i m c h a a h a m i y a t kasb etishi m u m k i n . N u t q d a in t o n a ts io n
m a ’n o d o r l i k b o l m a s l i g i n i n g s a b a b i — e s h i t i s h a ’z o l a r i n i n g
rivojlanniaganligi, n o t o ‘g*ri n u tq iy t a r b i y a b e r is h , n u t q n i n g h a r
xil n u q so n la ri ( m a s a la n , dizartriy a, r i n o l a l i y a v a h o k a z o la r) va
b o sh q a la rg a bogMiqdir. B ola o ‘z n u t q i d a tu rli xildagi h is -tu y g ‘u -
l a r n i b o s h q a l a r g a b i l d i r i s h d a m a ’n o d o r l i k n i n g i n t o n a t s i o n
v o s ita la rid a n t o ‘g ‘ri fo y d a la n ish i k e r a k . T a r b i y a c h i n i n g n u t q i
b o la la r d a i n t o n a t s io n m a ’n o d o rlik n i (ifo d a lilik n i) t a rb iy a la s h d a
n a m u n a b o l i s h i k erak . N u t q n i n g i n t o n a t s i o n m a 'n o d o r l i g i n i
ta rb iy a la sh u s t i d a ish lash ta q lid qilish a s o s id a olib b o rilad i.
T arb iy a ch i b o l a l a r g a s h e 'r n i yod o ld iris h d a , q a y ta hikoya q itishda
o ‘zi n u t q n i n g i n t o n a t s i o n vo sitalarid an k e n g foy d a la n ad i va bo-
lalar d iq q a t in i n u t q n i n g m a ’nodorligiga y o ‘naltiradi. B olalar ta r-
b i y a c h i n i n g t o ‘g ‘ri, i n t o n a t s i o n , m a ' n o d o r (ifo d a li) n u t q i n i
e s h i t i b , o ‘z l a r i h a m n u t q l a r i d a m u s t a q i l r a v i s h d a k e r a k l i
i n t o n a t s i y a l a r d a n f o y d a l a n a b o s h l a y d i l a r . N u t q n i n g t o v u s h
m a d a n iy a ti b o ‘y i c h a ishlarning h a m m a b o l i m l a r i (vazifalari) bir-
biri bilan b o g ‘liqdir.
3 - § . N u t q n i n g t o v u s h m a d a n i y a t i b o ‘y i c h a
i s h l a r n i ta s h k il e tis h
1.
B o la la r nutqini tekshirish.
N u t q n i n g tovush m a d a n iy a ti
vazifalarini t o l i q a n g l a b yetgan ta rb iy a c h i h a r b ir bola n u tq in in g
to v u s h m a d a n i y a t i d a ra ja si b i l a n t a n i s h a d i . Bu t a r b i y a c h i g a
u m u m i y v a z if a la rn i an iq la s h g a y o r d a m b eradi.
S h u m u n o s a b a t bilan o ‘quv yilining b o s h id a bolalar n u tq in in g
to v u s h t o m o n i t e k s h i r i l a d i . S h u n i n g d e k , ta r b i y a c h i h a r b ir
bo la n in g n u t q h o l a t i n i kund alik k u z a tish la rin in g natijalari asosida
h a m o 'r g a n ib b o ra d i va u lam in g nutqlari t o ‘g ‘risida aniq t a s a w u rg a
ega b o lladi. B o la n u t q i n i te k s h irish d a n avval tarbiyachi b o g ‘c h a
shifokori b i l a n s u h b a t d a boMib, b o la la r n in g artikulatsiya a p p a ra ti
h o la tla rin i k o ' z d a n k e c h ira d i, n u q s o n l a r n i an iqlaydi. S o ‘ngra
n u tq n in g to v u s h t o m o n i tekshiriladi. T ek sh irish ja ra y o n id a m axsus
rasmli k a r t o c h k a l a r d a n foydalaniladi.
B u n d a n t a s h q a r i , s o ‘z n in g b o lg ï n tu z ilishi, f o n c m a tik id rok
Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: |