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(bioinformatics/graphics):
Retroviruses (biology):
Return (computing):
Return key (computing):
Reverse complement
(molecular biology):
See parallel tempering.
Multiple copies of a simulation or search process that all relate
to the same data, for example so that an optimisation is done
several times in parallel from different starting points.
One of the component monomer chemicals at a particular
position in a biological polymer sequence, i.e. an amino acid at
a location in a polypeptide chain or a nucleotide in a nucleic
acid chain (DNA or RNA).
A measure of the limit in the precision of a measurement, i.e.
what size features can be seen or resolved. With reference to
biomolecular structures the resolution reflects the uncertainty in
the positions of atoms, and depends on the experimental
technique used and the quality of data. When referring to
images the resolution is usually stated simply as the number of
component pixels, often giving width and height separately.
A virus that has an RNA genome, which uses a reverse
transcriptase enzyme to convert the RNA into DNA, the
opposite of the normal biological information flow. The
conversion is often for the purpose of inserting the viral DNA
into the DNA of the host’s genome, a means of lying dormant
and evading the host’s defence mechanisms. HIV, which causes
AIDS, is an example of a retrovirus.
To finish the execution of a function (a subroutine) and pass a
value back to the previous point in the program flow, where the
function was called from.
The key on a keyboard which is used to start a new line or
complete the entry of data. Often synonymous with the Enter
key and frequently symbolised by a bent arrow, going down and
left.
A DNA or RNA sequence that has the opposite kinds of base
and reversed order compared to another sequence, such that the
two nucleic acids could form complementary base pairs, but are
both viewed in the same orientation (usually 5′ to 3′). Given A:T
Ribosome (molecular
biology):
Ribozymes (molecular
biology):
RNA (molecular
biology):
RNA sequence
(molecular biology):
Root (computing):
Root-mean-square
deviation (mathematics):
Rooted tree
(bioinformatics):
and G:C base pairs, the reverse complement of the sequence
ATCCGACTCAG would be CTGAGTCGGAT, so that the first
position for the first sequence pairs with the last position of the
second sequence.
The large enzyme particle inside cells, containing both protein
and RNA, which catalyses the synthesis of new proteins (i.e.
polypeptide chains) by joining individual amino acids (delivered
on a tRNA) and a messenger RNA that specifies the sequence.
Biological catalysts that use RNA to increase the rate of a
reaction, i.e. enzymes that use RNA rather than protein at the
active site.
Ribonucleic acid, biological polymer modules that are copies of
parts of DNA sequences and which have various roles in cells,
including enabling the creation of proteins (transferring DNA
sequence information and delivering amino acids), acting
directly as functional molecules alongside proteins and
controlling the stability of other RNA molecules.
The sequential order of the four different types of nucleotide
compound that make up a linear RNA chain, which is generally
a molecule with a single strand, unlike DNA.
When referring to locations within a file system, the root is the
very top of the containment hierarchy which contains all of the
other sub-directories. On Unix, Linux and Mac OSX-based
systems this is represented with a single forward slash symbol
‘/’. On Windows-based systems there is no single root, rather
there are separate drive letters like ‘C:\’.
A measure of the overall difference between two sets of paired
values. It is calculated as the square root of the average squared
difference between the paired values. Commonly used as a
measure of coordinate difference between three-dimensional
structures.
A hierarchical branching data classification where there is a
base or root. For a phylogenetic tree this means that there is
ancestor node.
Rotation matrix
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