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biology):
Protein sequence
(molecular biology):
Pseudorandom number
(computing):
Purifying selection
(biology):
Quantile function
(mathematics):
Quantile normalisation
(statistics):
Ramachandran plot
(bioinformatics):
Random variable
(mathematics):
Rank (mathematics):
polypeptide chains. Proteins are the diverse, functional
molecules of living organisms that catalyse and control
biological processes.
The order in which the different kinds of amino acid residues
are joined together, to create the polypeptide chain of a protein.
A value generated by an algorithm to mimic the effect of having
random numbers. Pseudorandom numbers are not truly random
(they may eventually repeat, for example) but often appear to be
sufficiently random to perform various computational tasks,
such as the Monte Carlo method.
Also referred to as negative selection, the tendency for the
evolutionary process, in some situations, to select gene
sequences that do not change, i.e. to remove sequence variation.
A function that determines the confidence interval around the
sample mean, given a specified confidence level.
A technique for mapping the statistical properties of one sample
distribution to another distribution. This is achieved by
replacing values for data points in one distribution with
equivalent values from the other distribution that share the same
rank (preserving order of relative magnitude).
A two-dimensional plot of the backbone (phi and psi) dihedral
angles in a polypeptide, showing how the chain twists and
indicating common conformations like alpha-helices and beta-
strands.
A mathematical construct to describe random behaviour, usually
for some specified model of the randomness. A way of
assigning a label to a property that has its value selected at
random, according to a given probability distribution.
With reference to matrices, the maximum number of linearly
independent rows or columns.
Raster (graphics):
Raw string (computing):
Read (molecular
biology):
Readable (computing):
Reading frame
(biochemistry):
Real (mathematics):
Reflections
(crystallography):
Regular expression
(computing):
Relational database
(computing):
Relative entropy
(mathematics):
To compose an image from a regular array of pixels, i.e. as a
pixmap, in contrast to using vector graphics where images are
described in terms of geometric shapes.
A Python string where the standard Python escape characters
(i.e. prefixed with ‘\’) are not active and instead the string is
considered literally as typed.
In the context of sequencing, the experimental determination of
one, often small, section of DNA sequence; which may then be
combined with others.
Whether the data stored in a file, e.g. on disk, can be accessed.
When referring to the translation of an RNA sequence, or its
DNA equivalent, to a protein amino acid sequence.
A number from the unrestricted continuum of negative and
positive values, i.e. not a complex number.
A pattern of regularly spaced spots created when X-ray radiation
diffracts through a crystal (an atomic lattice). The spots are
points of constructive interference between the X-rays.
The specification of a particular pattern of characters that may
be sought within a text string. The pattern itself is a string,
which can contain both literal characters and metacharacters,
with the latter describing ambiguous character groups, and thus
the type of pattern to be searched for.
A way of storing certain types of structured data that allows fast
querying of logical relationships in the data.
A measure of whether two variable quantities have the same
distribution, and equivalently a measure of the information
content one distribution holds above another. This is related to
Shannon information entropy, where the comparison is instead
with respect to a random distribution. The relative entropy is
useful because it indicates that data is significant and different.
Replica exchange Monte
Carlo (computing):
Replicas (computing):
Residue (biochemistry):
Resolution
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