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(mathematics):
Runtime (computing):
Sample mean
(mathematics):
Sample space
(mathematics):
Sample variance
(mathematics):
Scalar product
(mathematics):
Scope (computing):
Scripting (computing):
Search path
A matrix which, when applied to a vector or another matrix (of
suitable size) by means of matrix multiplication, causes a
transformation of coordinates that is a pure rotation.
The time when a computer program is running.
The observed mean, or average value, of a property from a
sample of data.
In probability, the specification of the set possible outcomes
which can occur.
The observed variance of a property from a sample of data.
Also called the dot product. A scalar value, calculated as the
sum of the component-wise product of two vectors (or arrays)
which represents the size of the projection of one vector on to
the other. Equivalent to the product of the length of two vectors
and the cosine of the angle between them
Short for lexical scope, the context within the commands of a
computer program for which a particular variable is defined.
Often discussed in terms of a named variable being local or
global, with respect to a block of code. For example a variable
defined in a Python function is local to the function, i.e. its
name only binds to a value inside the function and using the
same name outside the function actually refers to a different
thing.
The use of a high-level interpreted (i.e. not explicitly compiled)
computer language, like Python, Perl or Unix shell commands,
to create a simple computer program to perform a simple task.
The distinction between what is a script and what is a program
is somewhat blurred for a fully functional language like Python
or Perl, but a script is usually a program to provide an
automated and convenient alternative to something that could be
done by other, more tedious means.
The specification of which locations should be investigated to
(computing):
Secondary structure
(molecular biology):
Seed (computing):
Self-organising map
(machine learning):
Sequence annotation
(bioinformatics):
Sequence complexity
(mathematics):
find a given item, usually within a hierarchical data structure,
such as a file system. With particular reference to Python
modules the search path is effectively a list of directories that
contain the files that describe the modules which can be loaded
into a program to provide extra functionality.
The classification of the local conformation of a biological
polymer chain, which generally corresponds to a particular
backbone hydrogen-bonding pattern with characteristic
backbone dihedral (twist) angles. The term is generally used for
proteins, where the common secondary-structure types are
(right-handed) alpha-helix and extended beta-strand (which
form beta-sheets).
With reference to random numbers, the seed is an arbitrary
number which is used to start a pseudorandom number-
generating algorithm. The seeds themselves are often quite
random, but the use of the same seed, in what otherwise appears
to be a random process, is important for determinism, i.e. the
same seed gives reproducible pseudorandom output, which is
useful for testing software.
Also called a Kohonen map. A kind of unsupervised neural
network that operates by arranging data, represented as vectors,
in a grid (i.e. a map of low dimensionality) to arrange the data
into a simpler form that preserves the distinction and similarity
between items. It can be used to automatically cluster data and
map it to fewer dimensions; this is similar to what principal
component analysis does, but does not assume any underlying
distribution in the data.
The mechanism of ascribing a biological sequence with further
information, typically describing what its function and relation
to other sequences are.
A measure of how random or non-random a sequence is. This is
related to the concept of information entropy (see above). A
repetitive sequence, where only a few kinds of residue from the
total available are present, is deemed to have low complexity;
less information is needed to encode it and so it is easier to
generate at random.
Sequence identity
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