Psychology of management

management
is a particular case of control. Its main distinction are those that management 
- is limited by influencing people and their entities; 
- supposes interaction between a manager and an employee; 
- is intended to cause someone’s activity in accordance with a manager’s purposes. 
The notions of “manager” and “leader” are not identical. The main quality of a leader is 
the clear vision of the aim which is seen by others in blurred shapes or isn’t seen at all. And the 
main quality of an executive-manager is to realize the seen aim wit minimal losses
. 
The Harvard’s Business School’s point of view 
Therefore, 
management
 is a deliberate (purposeful) influencing subordinate people and 
their entities which causes their conscious and active behavior and activity in accordance with 
the executive’s intention. That is why management can be called control, but not quite any 
control is management
. 
The main distinctions between leadership and management stem to the following: 
-
the content of notions
: management supposes organizing the activity of the whole 
group, while leadership characterizes psychological relationships which appear in a group along 
the chain of command, i.e. from the point of view of dominance and subordination; 
- 
appearing
: management is a regular and necessary attribute of the process of an official 
organization’s appearance, while leadership appears spontaneously as a result of people’s 
interaction; accordingly, an executive is usually either appointed or elected, while a leader moves 
forward spontaneously; 

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-
functioning
: management acts as a process of legal organization and control of an 
organization members’ joint activity, while leadership is the process of inner social-and-
psychological organization and control of communication and activity; 
-
social role of a manager and a leader
: a manager is a mediator of social control and 
power, while leader is a subject of group norms and expectations which form spontaneously in 
interpersonal relations; 
-
activity regulation
: a manager’s activity is regulated by corresponding legal provisions, 
while leader’s activity is ensured by moral-and-psychological norms of mutual activity; 
-
external relations mode
: a manager represents a group in external organization and 
solves the questions connected with its outer official relations; a leader in his/her activities is 
limited by intragroup relations; 
- management is 
a more stable
phenomenon, to a lesser extent subject to swings in 
opinions and moods of organization members. 
The afore-stated differences bring us to the following definitions of the notions 
“management” and “leadership”.