Present Simple Hozirgi oddiy zamon quyidagi holatlarda ishlatiladi

Say

expect

hope

know

report

think

understand

consider

agree

assume

claim

estimate-

feel

suppose

regard

presume

For.ex: Active: People believe he is a liar.

Passive: a) It is believed that he is a liar.(Impersonal Const.) (Aytishlaricha u yolg’onchi)

b) He is believed to be a liar. (Personal Const.) (Aytishlaricha u yolg’onchi)

MOOD.(mayl)

Mayl bu ,reality nuqtayi nazaridan, fe’l tomonidan ifodalangan ish-harakatga so’zlovchining munosabatini ifodalovchi grammatik kategoriya (birlik) hisoblanadi.(ya,ni masalan so’zlovchi haqiqiy ish-harakatni aytishi, buyruq berishi yoki tasavvurdagi unreal ish-harakatlarni ifodalashi kabi.)

Ingliz tilida uchta mood mavjud:

1.The Indicative Mood.(Aniq mayli)

2.The Imperative Mood.(Buyruq mayli)

3.The Subjunctive Mood.(Shart mayli)

I.INDICATIVE MOOD. Aniq maylga o’tgan zamonda sodir bo’lgan, hozirgi zamonda sodir bo’layotgan va kelasi zamonda sodir bo’ladigan ish-harakatlar ya’ni real ish-harakatlar kiradi. Aniq mayldagi ish-harakatlar amalga oshgan, amalga oshayotgan yoki endi amalga oshishi mumkin bo’lgan ish-harakatlar hisoblanadi:

For.ex: He met his uncle yesterday.

We were having dinner when my friend came.

She had washed her clothes before she did her homework

I had been playing the guitar since morning when my mum came.

I always go jogging in the morning

We are learning the text in details.

They have already built their house.

He is so tired. He has been working all day.

I think he will pass final exams.

She will be cleaning the room at 2 p.m tomorrow.

Tim will have finished his task by the time we arrive.

By July, I will have been learning french for two years.

NOTE: Shuningdek “If” li gaplarning ikkita turi ham aniq maylga kiradi chunki ular real , amalga oshadigan ish-harakatlarni ifodalaydi.

a) If/when +S +Present simple, S + Present simple faktlarni ifodalaydi.