Present Simple Hozirgi oddiy zamon quyidagi holatlarda ishlatiladi

E.The adverb of Cause and Consequence.(sabab va natija)

Therefore-shuning uchun
consequently-natijada
accordingly-ga muvofiq
because-chunki
so-shuning uchun
then-keyin,so’ngra
however-biroq
nevertheless-shunga qaramay
besides-dan tashqari
moreover-bundan tashqari
otherwise-aks hollarda

F.The adverb of Interrogative.(so’roq ravishi)

where-qayerda(ga)
when-qachon
why-nega
how much-qancha

Note: So’roq olmoshlari gapda bog’lovchi bo’lib ham kelishi mumkin.
For.ex:I called when he was away.
G.The adverb of Quantity and Degree.(miqdor-daraja ravishi)

very-juda
quite-ancha,juda
too-juda
almost-deyarli
entirely-to’liq,butunlay
rather-juda
sufficiently-yetarli
enough-yetarli
little-kam,oz
much-ko’p
so-shunday,shuncha,juda
hardly-zo’rg’a,arang
scarcely-arang,zo’rg’a
nearly-deyarli

II.Forms of Adverbs(Ravishning shakllari)
1.Sodda ravishlar: almost,here,now…
2.Yasama ravishlar: Bularga sifat tarkibiga “-ly” qo’shimchasini qo’shish orqali yasalgan sifatlar kiradi. For.ex:

Adjective	adverb
Soft	softly
Bright	brightly
Careful	carefully
Honest	honestly
Helpful	helpfully
Happy	happily
Terrible	terribly
Beautiful	beautifully
Slow	slowly
Quick	quickly
Economic	economically
Historic	historically
Considerable	considerably
Serious	seriously
Automatic	automatically
Scientific	scientifically

Diqqat e’tibor bering!
Sifatga -ly qo’shib ravish yasaganda quyidagicha fonetik o’zgarishlar bo’lishi mumkin.
1. Normal holat: serious-seriously
2.-le bilan tugaydigan sifatlarda –e tushib qoladi va –y qabul qiladi: gentle-gently
3.-y bilan tugaydigan sifatlarda –y tushib qoladi va –ily qabul qiladi: happy-happily
4.-l bilan tugaydigan sifatlar –ly ni qabul qiladi: awful-awfully
5.-ic bilan tugaydigan sifatlar, odatda –ally qabul qiladi: dramatic-dramatically BUT: public-publicly
6.-e bilan tugaydigan sifatlarga –ly qo’shiladi. polite-politely BUT: true-truly
NOTE: -ly bilan tugaydigan shunday so’zlar borki ular ravish emas, balki sifatdir.

elderly-qari,keksa
lively-quvnoq,jonli,qizg’in,jo’shqin
lonely-yolg’iz, yakka
cowardly-qo’rqoq
friendly-samimiy,do’stona
likely-ehtimol,yuz berishi mumkin bo’lgan
deadly-o’limga olib keladigan,zerikarli
silly-ahmoqona,ahmoq
ugly-xunuk,badbashara, noxush
lovely-ajoyib, chiroyli,go’zal,
courtly-xushmuomila, nozik,nafis,nazokatli
heavenly-samoviy,ajoyib,juda yoqimli
earthly-yerga oid, yer…, bo’lishi mumkin bo’lgan
worldly-dunyoviy
sisterly-opalarchga, singillarcha
brotherly-akalarcha,birodarlarcha
motherly-onalarcha,onalik
princely-shahzodalardek
saintly-ilohiy,muqaddas

For.ex: She has lovely eyes
Ba’zi ravishlar sifatlardek bir xil shaklga ega. Ular gapda kelishiga qarab farqlanadi:

Hard-qattiq,qiyin
fast-tez
free-erkin,ozod,tekin
high-baland
low-past
deep-chuqur
early-erta
late-kech
long-uzun,uzoq vaqt
near-yaqin,yaqinida
straight-to’gri(ga)
right-o’ng,to’g’ri, o’ngga
wrong-noto’g’ri
hourly-har soatda bo’ladigan,har soatda
daily-kundalik,kunda bo’ladigan,kunda
weekly-haftalik, har haftada
monthly-oylik,har oyda
yearly-yillik,har yili

III. Degrees of Adverbs
Ayrim ravishlarda sifatlardagi kabi oddiy,qiyosiy,orttirma darajalar mavjud. Ammo o’rin, payt, sabab-natija va so’roq ravishlarida daraja yo’q.

I.Bir bo’g’inli va sifat bilan bir xil shakldagi ravishlar
Positive		Comparative	Superlative
early		earlier	earliest
hard		harder	hardest
late		later	latest
soon		sooner	soonest
fast		faster	fastest
long		longer	longest

II.Sifatlarga “-ly” qo’shimchasini qo’shish orqali yasalgan ravishlar
Positive		Comparative	Superlative
clearly		more clearly	most clearly
fluently		more fluently	most fluently
carefully		more carefully	most carefully
comfortably		more comfortably	most comfortably
correctly		more correctly	most correctly

III.Irregular adverbs(noto’g’ri ravishlar)
Positive		Comparative	Superlative
well		better	best
badly		worse	worst
much		more	most
little		less	least
far		farther/further	farthest/furthest

NOTE: Quyida ravishlarning darajasi 2 xil bo’lishi mumkin.

Positive		Comparative	Superlative
Often		oftener/more often	oftenest/most often
Quickly		quicker/more quickly	quickest/most quickly
Slowly		slower/more slowly	slowest/most slowly

For.ex: He earns as much as his wife.(U uning xotinidek ko’p pul ishlab topadi.)
Tom came earlier than you.(Tom senga qaraganda ertaroq keldi)
Robert runs faster than Bernard(Robert Bernardga qaraganda tezroq yuguradi)
John came late. Ali came later. George came latest of all.(John kech keldi, Ali kechroq keldi, Gorj hammasidan eng kech keldi)
IV. Position of Adverbs
Ingliz tilida ravish asosan uchta turkumni belgisini ifodalab keladi:
a) Verb(action verb)
For.ex: We did our homework carefully ( How did we do our homework?)
b) Adjective
For.ex: Food is extremely good.(Ovqat juda yaxshi)
He is seriously ill.(U jiddiy kasal)

reasonably cheap	juda arzon
terribly sorry	juda afsus
incredibly quick	juda tez
surprisingly easy	juda oson
extremely good	juda yaxshi
absolutely enormous	g’oyatda katta
seriously ill	jiddiy kasal
completely changed	mutlaqo o’zgargan
badly organized	yamon tashkillashtirilgan
brilliantly clever	juda aqlli
bitterly cold/disappointed	juda sovuq/ko’ngli kolgan
deeply grateful	juda minnatdor

c) Adverb
For.ex: Maria learns languages incredibly quickly.
V. Order of Adverbs(Ravishning gapdagi o’rni)
1.Ravishlar odatda fe’llardan keyin, ammo sifatlar,boshqa ravishlar va sifatdosh II dan oldin joylashadi.
For.ex: He speaks softly (U ohista gapiradi).
She is amazingly beautiful.(U juda chiroyli).
He drove very fast.(U juda tez mashina haydaydi)
Computers are extensively used nowadays.(Kompyuterlardan hozirgi kunda juda keng foydalanilayapti).
2.Holat ravishlari asosiy fe’ldan oldin, yordamchi fe’lda keyin yoki gapning oxirida keladi.
For.ex: She easily passed the exam.(U imtihondan osonlik bilan o’tdi).
We are eagerly waiting for his letter.(Biz uning xatini intizorlik bilan kutayapmiz).
He acted foolishly.(U o’zini ahmoqlarcha tutdi).
3.Miqdor daraja ravishlari(absolutely,completely,totally,extremely,very,quite,rather etc.) sifat, ravish yoki fe’ldan oldin lekin, yordamchi fe’ldan keyin keladi:
For.ex: This is totally unacceptable( Bu mutlaqo noma’qu).
They arrived rather early.(Ular juda erta yetib keldi)
We absolutely love her sense of humour.(Biz uning yumorga boy tarafini juda yoqtiramiz)
I don’t quite understand what you mean.(Men sen nimani aytayotganingni mutlaqo tushunmayapman)
4.Takror ravishlari asosiy fe’ldan oldin, yordamchi fe’ldan keyin keladi.
For.ex: Sam often complains about his salary.
He is always ready to help.
5.O’rin va payt ravishlar odatdaI gapning oxirida keladi.
For.ex: There is a café nearby.
I’ll meet you tomorrow.
6.Agar ravishga urg’u bersak,uni gapning boshida qo’yiladi.
For.ex: Slowly, he closed the door behind him.
Yesterday, I met the President.

7.Agar ikki yoki undan ortiq ravish kelsa, quyidagicha joylashadi. Manner-place –time
For.ex: The baby slept quietly in his cot all night long
Note: go,come va leave ga kabi harakat fe’llari bo’lsa, tartib quyidagicha bo’ladi.Place-manner-time
For.ex: He came to work by bus this morning.
VI. Extra information for Adverbs
1.So va Such ravishlarining farqlari.
I. a) So ravishidan keyin asosan adjective yoki adverb keladi.