Практикум по синхронному переводу с русского языка на английский

в целом — this does not need a literal translation such as "on the
whole" or "in general," which here would not be appropriate. The ideas
is "in all" or "all in all." If it comes to mind, the Latin expression "in
toto" would also work.

1. 
   отличительной чертой — this needs to be translated as the nominative
   subject of the sentence, as the interpreter cannot wait to see what will
   follow. "A distinguishing feature" or "characteristic" is a neutral
   rendering.
   

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4. 
   сосредоточена — if the speaker is going fast, the literal translation
   "concentrated" is fine. But if there is time to think about the term, what
   is meant here is simply that there are more women in these fields than in
   others — i.e. that they "are" there, are "found" there.
   

4. 
   по содействию — the noun needs to be changed into a verb in English.
   This phrase can be shortened even further to "help unemployment women
   find jobs." All too often "содействие" and "содействовать" are rendered
   as "promote" or "advance," and while there are contexts when this is
   appropriate, in many contexts "help" or "assist/assistance" is more clear
   and idiomatic.
   

4. 
   профессиональной подготовке, переподготовке и повышению квали­
   фикации — these are frequent terms in the language of social services, and
   should be learned. Note that "профессиональная подготовка" often
   means "vocational" rather than "professional" training, and that "skills"
   is a shorter and more idiomatic translation of квалификации than
   "qualifications."
   

7.