Практическая грамматика

THE INTERJECTION

§ 1. The interjection is a part of speech, which expresses various emotions without naming them.

§ 2. According to their meaning interjections fall under two main groups, namely emotional interjections and imperative interjections.
1. Emotional interjections express the feelings of the speaker. They are ah, oh, eh, bravo, alas etc.
... A man jumped on top of the barricade and waving exuberantly shouted, "Americans! Hurrah!" (Heym) (Joy)
Alas! The white house was empty and there was a bill in the window "To let". (Dickens) (Sorrow)
Psha! There's no possibility of being witty without a little ill nature. (Sheridan) (Contempt)
Oh, bother! I can't see anyone now. Who is it? (Shaw) (Indignation)
"Dear me!" says Mr. Chillip meekly smiling with something shining in his eyes. (Dickens) (Surprise)
2. Imperative interjections show the will of the speaker or his order or appeal to the hearer. They are: here, hush, sh-sh, well, come, now etc.
Here! I've had enough of this. I'm going. (Shaw) (Protest)
"Upon my word I was not awake, sir," replied Oliver earnestly. "I was not, indeed, sir." "Tush, tush, my dear!" said the Jew abruptly resuming his old manner. (Dickens) (Order)
§ 3. Interjections may be primary and secondary.
1. Primary interjections are not derived from other parts of speech. Most of them are simple words: ah, oh, eh, pooh, hush, fie, bravo. Only a few primary interjections are composite: helgh-ho! Hey-ho, holla-ho, gee-ho!
2. Secondary interjections are derived from other parts of speech. They are homonymous with the words they are derived from. They are: well, now, here, there, come, why etc.
Derivative interjections should not be confused with exclama­tion-words, such as nonsense, shame, good etc.)
Derivative interjections may be simple: well, here, there, come, etc., and composite: dear me, confound it, hang it etc.
Interjections are used as independent sentence-words or indepen­dent elements of the sentence.
The Daughter: Sixpence thrown away! Really mamma, you might have spared Freddy that. The Gentleman: Phew! (Shaw)
Well, I don't like those mysterious little pleasure trips that he is so fond of taking. (Voynich)
Note. Formulas of courtesy, greetings, etc. should not be regarded as inter­jections. Thus, good-bye and thank you are not interjections because they do not express emotion or will.

Chapter X