Polyacrylamide and its derivatives for oil recovery

LIST OF TABLES 
PAPER I Page 
Table 1 
KYPAM Polymer Performance in Shengli Oilfield
.................................................29
Table 2 Production of the B-21A Well: Immediately before and after the organic 
crosslinking polymer treatment............................................................................50
Table 3 The change of injection characteristic parameters before and after the
polymer microsphere treatment ...........................................................................55
Table 4 
Summary of some typical co-monomers to modify the PAMs
................................62
Table 5 
Preparative Conditions for Cross-linked PAMs
......................................................76
PAPER II 
Table 1 List of surfactants and their performance used in the water-free S/O
suspension polymerization system. ......................................................................122
Table 2 Experiment conditions for the Hydrophobic Modified of Poly-
(acrylamide-
co
-octadecylacrylamide)..................................................................126
PAPER III 
Table I.
 
Measured Swelling Properties of Microgels Dispersed in DI water ..................154
PAPER IV 
Table 1 Composition of PAV/PAM IPN .........................................................................173
Table 2 Properties of hydrogel .........................................................................................177

---

xvi 
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS 
Symbol Description 
AIBN azobisisobutyronitrile 
AM acrylamide 
AMC
12
N-dodecyl acrylamide 
AMPS 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonicacid 
AMQC12 dimethyldodecyl(2-acrylamidoethyl)ammonium bromide 
ATBS sodium acrylamide-tertiary-butyl sulfonate 
ATRP atomic transfer radical polymerization 
BPO benzoyl peroxide 
BST 4-butylstyene 
C
12
AM N-dodecylacrylamide 
CDG Colloidal Dispersion Gels 
CTAT cetyltrimethylammoniump-toluene sulfonate 
DHAM N,N-dihexylacrylamide 
DMDAC dimethyldiallyl ammonium chloride 
EOR enhance oil recovery 
HAPAM hydrophobically Associative Polyacrylamide 
HMTA hexamethylenetetramine 
HPAM hydrolyzed polyacrylamide 
HQ hydroquinone 
KPS potassium persulfate 
MAA methacrylic acid 

---

xvii 
MBAM methylene-bis-acrylamide 
MMT montmorillonite 
NaAMC
12
S sodium 2-acrylamido-dodecane sulfonate 
NaAMPS sodium 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulphonate 
NAM N-acryloylmorpholine 
NAS N-acryloxysuccinimide 
NIPAM N-isopropylacrylamide 
NNDAM N,N-dimethyl acrylamide 
NVP N-vinyl prrolidone 
ODMS octadecyldimethylmethoxysilane 
OOIP original oil in place 
OIP oil in place 
OP
 t
-octylphenoxypolyoxyethylene 
PAM polyacrylamide 
PEGDA polyethylene glycol 
diacrylate 
PEI polyethyleneimine 
PPG preformed particle gel 
Tween 85® sorbitan trioleate 
RRF relative response factor 
SDS sodium dodecyl sulphate 
Span 80® sorbitan monooleate 
TP 5,5,5-triphenyl-1-pentene 

---

xviii 
TMAEMC 2-trimethylammonium ethyl methacrylate chloride 
VN 2-vinylnaphthalene 
4-VPPS 4-vinylpyridine propylsulfobetaine 

---