Plan: The verb. Characteristics of the verb according to the suggested criteria

participle(P.2)
 
 
In 
English: 
 
Active voice: Passive voice: 
 Oleg writes a letter The letter is written by Oleg 
 Oleg wrote a letter The letter was written by Oleg 
 
 
The active voice shows that the subject is the doer of the action , passive 
voice shows that the grammatical subject of the sentence is acted upon by the 
object which is sometimes is given and sometimes is not given in the sentence.
Some linguists as Ilyish B.A. and Kaushanskaya V.L. consider that there are some 
more forms of the voice in Modern English: 
 
Reflexive voice 
Reciprocal voice 
Middle voice 
He shaved 
They greeted (each other) The door opened 
He dressed 
They 
met( 
with 
one 
another) 
The paper burned 
 
 
Analyzing the sentences given above we see that the verbs shave and dress 
have the lexical meaning of reflexiveness, not having the form expressing this 
meaning (in Russian Он побрился; Он оделся; ). Verbs greet and meet in the 
given above sentences have the meaning of reciprocal voice, not having the form of 
expressing this meaning ( in Russian они встретились, они поздоровались). The 
meanings of the reflexive voice and the reciprocal voice in the given above 
examples are expressed lexically . According to the linguistic interpretation given 
in the item “ Methods and ways of investigating foreign and native languages” , in 
order to be the grammatical category of voice in the verb the form of the Active 
Voice with a zero morpheme should be opposed to all other forms of the voice of 
the same verb. In English we can see this opposition only between the Active and 
Passive Voice forms. In the verbs shave and dress the meaning of reflexiveness is 
expressed in their lexical meaning; in the verbs meet and greet the meaning of the 
reciprocal voice is also expressed in their lexical meaning. In the Russian 
language the meanings of the reflexive and reciprocal voice forms are expressed

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on the morphological level of the language by the addition of the affixal 
morphemes