Plan: The history of the rule of the Mangit dynasty in Bukhara

14.The emirate's state system and its administration management
Bukhara was a monarchical state according to the state system.  At the head of the state was the amir, the sole ruler.  The ruler has officially unlimited rights, and all power is concentrated in his hands.  He relied on high-ranking officials (arkoni davlat) and tribal chiefs.
 The Emirate of Bukhara is administratively divided into provinces and districts.  The emirate consisted of 40 provinces and districts.  The emirate has an area of about 270,000 km2 and a population of about 2 million.  The population is Uzbek, Tajik, Turkmen, and the rest is Karakalpak, Kazakh, and other ethnic groups.  The area ruled by the governor appointed by the Emir was called the province.  The lowest administrative unit in the emirate is called amlokdorlik (a combination of several large and small villages).  It was run by a landowner.  In the work of the administration he relied on the village elders, amins and mirabs.


 The landowner (meaning "owner") was responsible for keeping records of the produce grown and for collecting taxes and other income in a timely manner. The main function of Amin (meaning "trustworthy, honest person") was to pay taxes and  other crops were collected, the population was controlled, and the water from the canals was distributed to the fields.  The village mirab ensured the timely repair of waterworks and the proper distribution of water for the villages along the canals.  The capital of the emirate, Bukhara, was ruled by a twin.  The treasury belonged to the emir.  The emirate's state institutions consisted of administrative, financial, judicial, military, and military departments.  Each of the ulama was led by an appointed official.  About 30 officials served in the palace of the Bukhara Emirate.  The number of employees in local government institutions was around 30,000.  The beys (governors) of the provinces were appointed by the khan.
In the central government, high-ranking positions such as devonbegi, kokaldosh, koshbegi, mushrif, mirshab, dodhoh, inoq, mirokhur, dastarkhanchi, kitab dor, parvonachi, sadr, sheikhulislam, qazikalon, mufti, muhtasib have been introduced.
The highest public office was qo'shbegi (minister buzruk), the post of prime minister.  All the governing bodies of the state were subordinate to him.  In short, all executive power was in the hands of the dual power.  Provincial and district governors were also appointed on the recommendation of the governor.  The qo'shbegi lived in Ark.
Devonbegi was in charge of the finance and treasury of the khanate.  He oversaw the collection of taxes.
 Mushrif - a list of items donated by officials to the khan, as well as military equipment.  There is a record of tax revenues.
The mirshab was the chief of the night city guards.
Inaq's task was to pass orders from the beys to other classes.  The head of the Amir's stable was called Mirokhur.
The clerk was in charge of the emirs' banquets, while the librarian was in charge of the emir's library.
 In the emirate, the commander-in-chief of the military is called a parvonachi.
Sadr, on the other hand, managed the vaqf property.  The judge of the capital (kazikalon) is the supreme judge of the state (judge), the highest state position that presides over all judicial affairs without the intervention of the Emir.  Kozikalon was also called Shariatpanah.
A person who issues a fatva on various religious and legal issues that Qazikalon considers complex is called a mufti.